Impact of grassland contract policy on soil organic carbon losses from alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Carbon storage in the soils on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau plays a very important role in the global carbon budget. In the 1990s, a policy of contracting collective grasslands to smaller units was implemented, resulting in a change from the traditional collective grassland management to two new management patterns: a multi‐household management pattern (MMP: grassland shared by several households without enclosures) and a single‐household management pattern (SMP: grassland enclosed and used by only one household). In 2016, 50 MMP and 54 SMP winter pastures on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau were sampled to assess the differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) between the two management patterns. Results showed that average SOC was significantly greater under MMP than under SMP, with an estimated 0.41 Mg C/ha/yr lost due to SMP following the new grassland contract. Based on the government's grassland policy, four grassland utilization scenarios were developed for both summer and winter pastures. We found that if the grassland were managed under SMP, likely C losses ranged between 0.31 × 10⁷ and 6.15 × 10⁷ Mg C/yr across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau relative to MMP, which more closely resembles pre‐1990s grassland management. Previous estimates of C losses have only considered land use change (with cover change) and ignored the impacts driven by land management pattern changes (without cover change). The new data suggest that C losses from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are greater than previously estimated, and therefore that the grassland contract policy should be reviewed and SMP households should be encouraged to reunite into the MMP. These findings have potential implications for land management strategies not only on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau but also other grazing regions globally where such practices may exist.     

饥饿、季节及性别对大鲵肌肉、肝脏生化成分的影响

季节会影响到大鲵肌肉的脂肪及钙的含量,肝脏的脂肪、钙及游离氨基酸的含量,饥饿对肌肉的酸化成分不产生影响,但饥饿程度的增加,会对肝脏脂肪无氮浸出物及游离氨基酸产生影响;繁殖前雌性大鲵的肌肉肝脏的肪肪含量均高于雄性的。     

辣椒夏季品比试验报告

为了考察我公司新推广品种及新配组合在高温伏旱状况下的适应性，我们于2003年5月7日在公司试验基地进行了品种对比试验。结果表明新推广品种中有九个品种或组合为极耐热或耐热，一个品种耐热性稍差。新配组合中部分表现优良，有推广前景。     

电子政务环境下政府信息资源共享模式探索

电子政务环境下政府信息资源共享是多种社会动力共同作用的结果.构建信息公开发布、增值开发、公共数据中心和政务信息交换平台四种政府信息资源共享模式,破除阻碍我国电子政务环境下政府信息资源共享的各种因素,是贯彻落实党的十七大提出的构建和谐社会、以人为本,使全社会成员享受改革开放成果的执政理念的必然要求.     

森林消防人员心理服务研究

分析了森林火灾的突发性、不可预知性、破坏性、持续性和失控性等特点,从灾难心理学的角度提出森林消防人员是森林火灾的间接受害人.森林火灾作为一种自然灾难,时森林消防人员会产生不同程度的影响,使森林消防人员产生创伤后应激障碍,需要对森林消防人员进行灾后的心理干预服务,同时对他们在日常生活学习进行心理辅导,以提高他们的心理应激能力,培养森林消防人员优秀的心理素质.     

红鳞蒲桃开花物候特性研究

对红鳞蒲桃种群的花期物候，单株、单个花序、单花的开花动态进行系统的观测研究，详细测量并记录花部构件，同时调查红鳞蒲桃种群的同花期植物。结果表明：红鳞蒲桃种群的花期物候为8月1日～9月15日（2008年），持续时间46d；单株花期从23d到33d不等；单花序的花期情况较为复杂，总体表现为花朵数越多，该花序持续时间越长，但也有个别情况出现，在开花中期花序持续时间长，开花后期花序持续时间最短，开花前期花序持续时间介于两者之间；在整个种群花期内单花平均开花时间约5．2d，种群开花前期单花的持续时间约为6．7d，开花中期约为4．7d，末花期约为4．3d，种群开花前期单花的持续时间显著大于种群中后期的持续时间。红鳞蒲桃种群的同花期植物隶属于16科21属22种。     

不同栽培密度对秋大棚黄瓜生育期及产量的影响

试验以黄瓜为材料,采用随机区组设计,研究了不同栽培密度对秋大棚黄瓜生育期及产量的影响。结果表明,当栽培密度为4000株/667m2时,产量和产值都达到最高。     

Association of tumor-associated antigen on the proliferation of bovine leukemia virus-infected lymphoblastoid B-cell lines.

The association of tumor-associated antigen (TAA) on the proliferation of BLV-infected lymphoblastoid B-cell lines (BL2M3 and BL312) was investigated. Flow cytometric analysis of the expression of TAA with monoclonal antibody (mAb) c143 showed high expression of TAA on the surfaces of BL2M3 and BL312 cells. A large amount of TAA was found in the culture supernatant of BL2M3 and BL312 cells as well as in the lysates of BL2M3 and BL312 cells. Culture supernatant but not lysates of BL2M3 and BL312 cells promoted the growth of either BL2M3 cells or BL312 cells. Furthermore, this growth promoting activity in culture supernatants of BL2M3 and BL312 cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner when cultured with mAb c143. These results suggested that TAA may be involved in the growth factor-mediated cell growth of bovine B-lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing TAA on their cell surface.     

绵羊瘤胃微生物胞外蛋白酶性质的研究

本试验测定了pH、温度和EDTA对纯化的绵羊的瘤胃微生物胞外蛋白酶活性的影响,并用一已知氨基酸排列顺序的肽段(由15个氨基酸组成)作为底物,进一步测定了蛋白酶的酶切位点。结果表明,(1)纯化蛋白酶的最适pH在6.0～6.5之间,最适温度为40℃左右。(2)不同浓度的EDTA(浓度分别为1,10,25,50,75和100mM)对蛋白酶活性没有影响,因而该酶属于丝氨酸蛋白酶类。(3)纯化蛋白酶是一种内肽酶,其酶切位点在组氨酸—酪氨酸(?)、天冬氨酸—丙氨酸(?)、亮氨酸—赖氨酸(?)和(或)缬氨酸—赖氨酸(?)相连的肽键。(4)胰蛋白酶和纯化的蛋白酶虽同属丝氨酸蛋白酶类,但前者对底物具有高度的专一性,后者对底物的专一性不强,这是瘤胃内饲料蛋白质强烈降解的主要原因之