GIS表述的生态环境评价体系研究——以青海省为例

本研究以青海省为例，分别采用《生态环境状况评价技术规范》和《GIS表述的生态环境评价体系》的方法，运用ArcGIS的空间统计及分析功能，对青海省2004、2006和2007年的生态环境质量状况进行综合评价，并且对《生态环境状况评价技术规范》和《GIS表述的生态环境评价体系》2种方法的优缺点做了比较。结果表明，青海省生态环境质量指数（EI）值远远低于全国平均水平，3年全省EI均值分别为27.43、27.73和29.97。EI值的分布具有明显地带性，从西北到东南呈逐渐增大趋势，生态环境状况逐渐好转。通过对2种方法的评价结果进行比较得出：《GIS表述的生态环境评价体系》较《生态环境状况评价技术规范》评价效果更好，其评价结果可以精确到1 km2范围之内，这种结果更有利于生态环境的治理。     

云南省马铃薯粉痂病的发生与危害调查分析

粉痂病严重影响马铃薯的产量和品质,是我国马铃薯产业健康发展的重要制约因素之一.为进一步探明马铃薯粉痂病在云南省的发生、分布及危害情况,本研究于2018年-2019年,在云南省内马铃薯不同生态种植区,开展了马铃薯粉痂病的发生与危害情况调查.调查范围涉及19个县(区)、涵盖了19个当地马铃薯主栽品种(系).调查结果显示:粉...     

白马雪山国家级自然保护区主要保护动物及其威胁因子变化分析

为了解白马雪山国家级自然保护区内野生动物及其生存状况,布设了长为3000m的固定监测样线17条,并结合随机样线,定期、不定期地采用肉眼观察、望远镜观察或拍照后识别的方法监测动物种类、密度、分布、种群变化等情况．对2006～2009监测数据进行分析,保护区内有国家重点保护动物15种,其中出现频率较高的有滇金丝猴、岩羊、苏门羚、斑羚等．野生动物受威胁因子主要有人为活动、自然灾害．监测结果表明,保护区内滇金丝猴等国家重点保护动物的数量总体上呈上升趋势．     

GIS技术在生态环境状况评价方面的应用

生态环境是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,对生态环境状况进行科学的、准确的、行之有效的评价是亟待解决的生态问题之一。研究选取生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地退化指数、环境质量指数,运用层次分析法,以行政区域为单元,计算生态环境质量指数,运用GIS的地统计分析空间插值工具,得到栅格图层,进行栅格计算,得到具体每一点的生态环境质量指数,统计计算各行政单元内各级别所占的比例。研究结果表明：运用GIS的插值功能及其栅格统计,进行生态环境状况评价,可弥补以行政单位为评价单元,以点数据、平均数据代替整个区域的整体特性的评价方法的缺陷,该评价方法突出评价单元内的差异性,使评价结果的空间定位更加精确。     

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on myocardial TGF-β1 and collagen expression and interstitial fibrosis in type I diabetic cardiomyopathy rats

AIM:To study the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB) on myocardial TGF-β1 and collagen expression and interstitial fibrosis in type I diabetic cardiomyopathy rats. METHODS:Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (CON), diabetes mellitus group (DM) and EGB treatment group (EGB). Streptozocin was intraperitoneally injected into the animals in the latter 2 groups to induce type I diabetic rat model. The rats in EGB group were intraperitoneally injected with EGB. At the end of the 12th week, the body weight of each rat and its left ventri-cular weight, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and serum insulin concentration were measured. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), the left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the stroke volume (SV) were determined by echocardiography. The content of collagen in left ventricular myocardium, and the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), procollagen type I and collagen type III were assayed by Sirius red staining, immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR, respectively. Left ventricular myocardial cells of the neonatal SD rats were isolated and cultured in vitro with low-glucose culture medium (LG group), high-glucose culture medium (HG group) or high-glucose culture medium plus EGB (HG+EGB group). The mRNA levels of TGF-β1, procollagen type I and collagen type III were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS:Compared with CON group, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, left ventricular weight index, the content of collagen, and the expression of TGF-β1, procollagen type I and collagen type III in left ventricular myocardial tissues of DM group were significantly increased, while the levels of blood insulin, LVEDV and SV were significantly decreased. However, compared with DM group, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, left ventricule weight index, the content of collagen, and the expression levels of TGF-β1, procollagen type I and collagen type III in the left ventricular myocardial tissues of EGB-treated rats were significantly decreased, while the levels of blood insulin, LVEDV and SV were significantly increased. Compared with LG group, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1, procollagen type I and collagen type III were significantly increased. However, compared with HG group, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1, procollagen type I and collagen type III were significantly decreased after treated with EGB. CONCLUSION: EGB retards the process of myocardial fibrosis and improves the cardiac functions in type I diabetic cardiomyopathy rats by down-regulating the expression of TGF-β1, reducing the synthesis and deposition of collagen type I and collagen type III.     

超微脱脂米糠粉物化特性的研究

采用超微粉碎机对脱脂米糠进行超微化处理,制备超微脱脂米糠粉。采用离心机、黏度仪等设备研究超微脱脂米糠粉的物化特性。结果表明,超微化后随着脱脂米糠粉粒度减小,其持水力、吸油性、溶解性和水分蒸发速率都增大,粉体流动性变小;随着米糠粉体粒度的减小,其吸湿性各指标都随之增大;3种米糠的临界相对湿度分别为83.1%,84.2%,85.0%;超微脱脂米糠粉溶液黏度随着粉体粒度的减小和溶液温度的升高而减小,随着溶液浓度的增加而增加;而pH值对黏度影响较小。     

基于GIS的青海省季节牧场分布研究

青海省草地畜牧业生产具有显著的季节性,准确掌握草地季节利用状况对科学合理的指导宏观畜牧业生产具有重要意义。自然因素虽然在草地的季节利用中起关键作用,但近年来人类活动的影响也日益明显。该研究基于双影响因子的思路,以海拔要素为基础划分季节牧场,并充分考虑人类活动的影响,提出了基于GIS的以人口分布修正季节牧场的新方法,对青海省8个地区分别建立分类模型;并对结果的精度和比例分别进行验证。验证结果表明:修正划分的青海省季节牧场图总体精度为66.65%,2种季节牧场的比例也符合传统的利用比例,能够反映实际的草地季节利用状况。