大豆室内耐冷筛选及其在田间的应用研究

本试验把生长箱大豆耐低温萌发筛选与田间早春播研究相结合,验证耐低温发芽的可靠性。在实验室,萌发期表现抗冷的大豆,田间出昔期仍表现抗冷或较抗冷。实验表明,大豆出苗的生物学最低温度平均为7.1℃,所需有效积温136℃。地温的高低直接影响大豆早春出苗的多寡,两者呈密切的正相关。黄、青、黑豆中,以黑豆抵抗早春不良气候条件的能力最强。     

野生大豆接种大豆疫霉根腐病菌后超氧化物歧化酶活性变化

对大豆疫霉菌胁迫下抗感不同野生大豆根、茎、叶中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dis-mutase,SOD)活性的变化进行了初步研究。结果表明:接种大豆疫霉根腐病菌后,抗感野生大豆根、茎、叶中SOD活性在病程的大部分阶段多高于相应对照,且总体而言,抗病野生大豆比感病野生大豆SOD活性较相应对照增幅大。     

Establishment of Chinese soybean Glycine max core collections with agronomic traits and SSR markers

It is very important to efficiently study and use genetic diversity resources in crop breeding and sustainable agriculture. In this study, different sampling methods and sample sizes were compared in order to optimize the strategies for building a rationally sized core collection of Chinese soybean (Glycine max). The diversity in the core collection captured more than 70% of that in the pre-core collection, no matter what sampling methods were used, at a sampling proportion of 1%. Core collections established with both simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data and agronomic traits were more representative than those chosen on an independent basis. An optimal sampling method for a soybean core collection was determined, in which strategy ‘S’ (allocating accessions to clusters according to the proportion of square root of the original sample size within each ecotype) was used based on SSR and agronomic data. Curve estimation was used to estimate the allelic richness of the entire Chinese soybean germplasm and a minimum sample size for a core collection, on which a sampling proportion of about 2% was determined to be optimal for a core collection. Further analysis on the core collection with fourteen agronomic traits and allelic constitution at 60 SSR loci suggested that it highly represented the entire collections both on genetic structure and diversity distribution. This core collection would provide an effective platform in proper exploitation of soybean germplasm resources for the study of complex traits and discovering important novel traits for crop genetic development.     

广西根结线虫病害的病原鉴定

从广西不同地区采集的28种植物根结线虫病的病原,按病原线虫的主要形态学特征和寄主反应的鉴定方法,对每种病原进行了分类鉴定。其中穗状鸡冠花、胡椒、蕹菜、胡萝卜,芭蕉芋、鸡蛋果、莞荽(香菜)、苋苯、荷包豆、吉庆果、黄麻、黄穗鸡冠等根结线虫病的病原都是属南方根结线虫1号小种;风仙花、辣椒、蕹菜、番茄、独头鸡冠花、红穗鸡冠、罗汉果、黄麻、芹菜根结线虫有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是爪哇根结线虫;甜叶菊、姜根结线虫病的病原有一种是南方根结线虫1号小种,另一种是花生根结线虫1号小种;吉庆果、四季海棠、茄、棕竹、柳树的根结线虫病的病原是爪哇根结线虫;罗汉果、丝瓜、红麻根结线虫病的病原有一种是爪哇根结线虫,另一种是花生根结线虫1号小种;花生根结线虫病的病原是花生根结线虫1号小种。发现二个新种:即水稻根结线虫病的病原是林氏根结线虫;柑桔根结线虫病的病原是孔氏根结线虫。     

大豆耐盐基因的PCR标记

 以大豆耐盐品种和盐敏感品种及“耐盐品种×盐敏感品种”组合的F2群体为试验材料,筛选和鉴定与大豆耐盐性基因紧密连锁的PCR标记,旨在建立快速准确的大豆耐盐性鉴定方法。利用BSA法,对耐(敏)盐品种池和一个组合F2的耐(敏)盐池进行了鉴定,获得一个共显性标记。经F2分析,在盐敏感个体中仅扩增出约600bp的特异片段;在耐盐性个体中扩增出约700bp的特异片段或2个特异片段(700bp/600bp),经过连锁值测定,表明该标记与大豆耐盐基因位点紧密连锁。此外,该标记在其它2个组合F2群体及12个耐盐品种和13个盐敏感品种中得到验证,表明此标记可用于大豆耐盐种质鉴定及大豆耐盐遗传育种的分子标记辅助选择,使大豆耐盐性室内鉴定成为可能。为此,大豆耐盐性基因的分子标记及其获得方法和应用已申请了中华人民共和国发明专利。     

江西大岗山连栽杉木人工林土壤性质的变化

系统研究了江西大岗山连栽杉木人工林土壤性质变化状况。结果表明：1、2代杉木人工林土壤物理性质相比，不论幼龄林还是中龄林，1代林均明显好于2代林；比较土壤酶活性，各林分也表现出相似的规律，即1代林土壤酶活性较高；而比较两代林土壤化学性质则发现，在幼龄林发育阶段各土壤因于指标变化规律不明显，土壤有机质、土壤氮素等指标反而为2代林较高；但各林分发育至中龄林阶段后则有了较强的规律性，除土壤有效铁和有效铜外，其它所有指标均为2代林较低。     

用于SSR分析的大豆DNA的快速提取

描述了一种可从大豆种子及叶片中快速提取DNA的方法，既节省时间，又可获得供上百次PCR扩增使用的DNA，并通过实验证明该方法获得的DNA可用于大豆SSR分析。     

广东鹤山南亚热带丘陵人工林昆虫资源的研究（Ⅰ）

本文根据2001年和2002年的调查结果，记述了广东鹤山南亚热带丘陵退化生态系统恢复中四种人工林的昆虫种类，共计14目161科488种，本文记载11目84科216种。