东海海鳗基于COⅠ基因片段的遗传多样性分析

以东海海鳗背部肌肉的线粒体DNA为模板,采用PCR技术对14个个体的CO Ⅰ基因片段进行序列分析.通过双向测序,除去两端的部分序列,最终得到了684 bp的基因片段.经分析,14个序列共有2个单倍型(GenBank登录号:HM068279,HM068292).在14个个体中,仅检测到1个变异位点,为C/T转换.MEGA软件统计表明,密码子的第一位4种碱基的分布比较均一,密码子的第二位T的含量比较高(T=42.1％),密码子的第三位出现G的含量较低的偏倚现象(G=11.0％).利用DNAsp软件对东海区海鳗基于COⅠ基因序列进行了遗传变异参数统计,结果显示,单倍型多样性为0.143,核苷酸多样性指数为0.00021,平均核苷酸差异数为0.143.研究结果表明,海鳗CO Ⅰ基因序列的变异很小,并且处于相当低的遗传多样性水平,对研究海鳗的种群结构和遗传多样性具有一定的应用价值.     

两个水稻同质共核不育系的初步研究

对来源于Gambiaka Kokum细胞质、青小金细胞核的两个同质共核不育系G_(12)(青小金)A,G_(22)(青小金)A的研究表明:两个不育系在植株的开花习性,光合作用强度,根系合成有机物质的能力,花粉败育类型,败育花药的细胞学结构酯酶同工酶、过氧化物酶同工酶带、可恢复性及控制雄性不育性的遗传物质等都育真实而显著的差异。作者认为:水稻不育性并非受细胞质和细胞核中固有的不育基因控制,而是在不育系培育过程中,由核之间的相互作用而形成新的雄性不育核遗传型,此种核不育遗传型与不协调的细胞质共同作用,导致雄性不育的产生。并用此假说对本研究中同质共核不育系间产生的遗传差异作了初步的分析论证。     

籼粳杂种F_1花药游离氨基酸含量分析

本试验对籼粳杂种F_1在雄配子发育的三个时期(四分体期、小孢子期和花粉成熟期)花药游离氨基酸含量进行了分析。结果表明:含有广亲和基因的籼粳杂种花药游氨基酸总量,以及其中的丙氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸和色氨酸含量明显低于普通籼粳杂种,而脯氨酸含量则表现相反的趋势。这反映了二者在花粉发育过程中游离氨基酸代谢的重大差别。     

“农科教”结合 “育繁推”一体 科技协作展绣图——四川冈·D型杂交稻协作组20年协作活动总结

“农科教”结合“育繁推”一体科技协作展绣图———四川冈·Ｄ型杂交稻协作组２０年协作活动总结周开达（四川农业大学水稻研究所／温江６１１１３０）１９７６年由籼亚种内品种间杂交培育雄性不育系的三系育种新途径，首批育成的几个冈型组合，经在绵阳、雅安等地试种...     

The effect of strain, growth stage, and cultivating condition of Ganoderma lucidum on 5α-reductase inhibition

The inhibitory effects of 102 methanol extracts of 40 mycelia, 9 culture fluids, and 53 fruiting bodies of 40 strains of Ganoderma lucidum on 5-reductase were investigated. The methanol extract of the fruiting body of each strain was found to show the strongest 5-reductase inhibitory activity among the extracts tested.     

Improvement of foreign gene expression in transgenic rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) by matrix attachment regions (MARs)

Matrix attachment regions or matrix associated regions (MARs) were special DNA sequences in chromatin of eukaryotic cells that tightly associated with the nuclear matrix or scaffold in vitro after a combination of nuclease digestion and extraction. They were also called scaffold attachment regions (SARs) .     

作物无融合生殖胚、胚囊发育及遗传规律研究(综述)

本文对作物无融合生殖胚、胚囊发育、分化细胞学基础,胚发生特点,无融合生殖特性遗传规律以及无融合生殖与环境因子的关系进行了分析研究。     

Profile of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from dogs and cats and genetic relationships with isolates from cattle, meat and humans

Pets can be reservoirs of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains. The aim of this study was to examine nine strains belonging to several serotypes (O91:H21, O91:H16, O178:H19, O8:H19, O22:H8, O22:HNT, ONT:H8), previously recovered from cats or dogs. To this end, we assessed a set of additional virulence genes (stx(2) subtype, subAB, ehxA, eae and saa), cytotoxic activity, and genetic relationships with strains isolated from cattle, meat and humans using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Most of the isolates carried the stx(2) and/or stx(2vh-b) sequences, while only the O91:H21 isolate presented the mucus-activatable stx(2d) variant, as confirmed by sequencing the genes of subunits A and B. All the strains showed cytotoxic activity in cultured cells. One of the two O178:H19, selected for its high level of cytotoxicity in Vero cells, showed the ability to cause functional alterations in the human colon mucosa in vitro. None of the strains possessed the subAB, eae or saa genes and only the strains belonging to serotype O8:H19 carried the ehxA gene. The isolates shared 90-100% similarity by PFGE to epidemiologically unrelated strains of the corresponding serotypes recovered from cattle, meat or humans. Our results demonstrate that dogs and cats may have a role in the infection of humans by STEC, probably serving as a vehicle for bovine strains in the cycle of human infection, and thus emphasize the health risks for owners and their families.     

Regulatory pathways controlling the endovascular invasive trophoblast cell lineage

Hemochorial placentation is characterized by trophoblast-directed uterine spiral artery remodeling. The rat and human both possess hemochorial placentation and exhibit remarkable similarities regarding the depth of trophoblast invasion and the extent of uterine vascular modification. In vitro and in vivo research methodologies have been established using the rat as an animal model to investigate the extravillous/invasive trophoblast lineage. With these research approaches, two signaling pathways controlling the differentiation and invasion of the trophoblast cell lineage have been identified: i) hypoxia/hypoxia inducible factor and ii) phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/Fos like antigen 1. Dissection of these pathways has facilitated identification of fundamental regulators of the invasive trophoblast cell lineage.     

曼氏无针乌贼维甲酸X受体(RXR)cDNA的克隆与表达

维甲酸 X 受体(retinoid X receptor, RXR)属于配体激活的核受体家族。本研究采用 RT-qPCR 技术克隆了曼氏无针乌贼 RXR (SjRXR)基因的 CDS 区核酸序列, 推导出其氨基酸序列, 并对 RXR 基因 CDS 区核苷酸序列与蛋白质结构进行了生物信息学分析, 结果如下: SjRXR 的 CDS 区核苷酸序列全长 1239 bp, 编码 1 个由 412 个氨基酸组成的蛋白质; 序列分析表明, 曼氏无针乌贼 RXR 的 CDS 区基因编码的蛋白质不含有信号肽, 无跨膜结构, 推测 RXR 编码蛋白属于非分泌型、非跨膜蛋白; 对蛋白进行疏水性分析, 发现亲水性部分大于疏水性部分, 预测 RXR 编码蛋白为亲水性蛋白, 包含 1 个 HOLl 家族的结构域; 利用 MEGA 6.0 软件以 ML 法构建了系统进化树, 结果表明, 曼氏无针乌贼与双斑蛸亲缘关系最近, 同属于软体动物门头足纲, 最先聚为一支, 曼氏无针乌贼 RXR 基因的分子进化地位与其生物学分类地位大体保持一致。采用 RT-qPCR 技术分析了该基因在乌贼 4 个时期 11 个组织中的表达规律, 结果如下: sjRXR 基因在各组织中均有表达, 且在肝、胰、脑、视叶和视腺中表达量较高; sjRXR 基因表达在不同生长周期存在明显变化, 在肝、胰中呈一直上升趋势, 在脑、视叶、视腺中呈先上升后下降趋势。SjRXR 是曼氏无针乌贼神经发育、生殖调节和衰老凋亡的重要调控因子之一, 本研究结果可为进一步深入研究头足类动物 RXR 基因提供重要参考依据。