Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.     

蜗壳式离心泵外特性仿真与实验研究

为探索不同仿真方法的适用性,对ns=157的单级蜗壳离心泵不同工况的扬程和效率进行定常和非定常计算,并分别分析了定常计算时不同叶片夹角及非定常计算时不同时间步长的影响,通过与实验对比,得到的主要结论有:定常计算仅适用于额定工况外特性仿真,其扬程和效率计算误差分别为4.9%和2.9%,而定常多相位的计算误差分别为7.1%和3.2%;非定常仿真计算时,以4°为时间步长,并间隔20°保存一次计算数据,较好地预测出扬程曲线走势,额定工况扬程和效率计算误差约1.1%和1.8%,但小流量和大流量区间扬程计算误差达到10%左右。因此在水力优化设计时,若只关注高效点位置及其扬程和效率,可采用定常计算,若还关注扬程曲线走势,则应采用非定常计算。     

乡土物种补播对青藏高原高寒草甸群落稳定性的影响

为了探究高寒草甸天然草地补播乡土物种对草地群落稳定性的影响，本试验以垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）、异针茅（Stipa aliena）、中华羊茅（Festuca sinensis）、溚草（Koeleria cristata）、星星草（Puccinellia tenuiflora）、扁蓿豆（Melissitus rutenica）、冷地早熟禾（Poa crymophila）为试验材料，设置5种混播组合，于2017年在青海省贵南县天然草地上进行补播。试验采用方差比率法（Variance ratio，VR）、M.Godron贡献定率法（Contribution law）以及生物量稳定性分析方法，结果表明：5种组合补播后使得群落联结性降低、生物量稳定性增大，群落整体稳定性增强，正向着稳定方向发展；5种组合中，组合D （扁蓿豆+星星草+垂穗披碱草+异针茅+溚草）的生物量稳定性最大，是对草地恢复最有效的物种组合。本试验筛选出了对草地生态修复最有效的物种组合，为草地保护及利用提供了科学依据。     

GA4+7+氯吡脲对重瓣百合'Thalita'生长的影响

以重瓣百合'Thalita'为试材,采用4个不同浓度(10、20、40、80 mg·L-1)的GA4+7+氯吡脲(1∶1),对其进行叶面喷施处理,以清水为对照,测定其株高、茎粗、叶面积等指标,探讨GA4+7+氯吡脲对重瓣百合'Thalita'生长的影响,以期为其推广提供参考.结果 表明:20 mg·L-1 GA4+7+氯吡脲对'Thalita'花苞直径和叶面积促进作用最大,分别比对照高14.18％和55.13％,均达显著差异;茎粗随着GA4+7+氯吡脲的浓度升高表现出一定抑制作用;20 mg·L-1GA4+7+氯吡脲在花苞开放率和花期上综合效果最好;80 mg·L-1 GA4+7+氯吡脲对'Thalita'株高促进效果最好,比对照高2.67％;所有处理组种球鲜质量和根长均比对照低,其中20 mg·L-1 GA4+7+氯吡脲效果最为明显,分别比对照低36.77％和48.18％,均达显著差异.综合比较来看,20 mg·L-1 GA4+7+氯吡脲对重瓣百合'Thalita'生长影响最大,效果更佳.     

深松施用有机肥对玉米不同器官钾含量的影响

为了明确深松结合施用有机肥对玉米不同器官钾含量的影响,在大田条件下,设常规旋耕(T_1,CK)、深松(T_2)、深松施用有机肥(T_3) 3个处理,测定了玉米大喇叭口期、灌浆期、成熟期不同器官的钾含量。结果表明:T_3处理的玉米茎钾含量在大喇叭口期和灌浆期均为最高,其中大喇叭口期指标值与T_1处理差异显著,而在收获期低于其他2个处理但差异均不显著;叶片钾含量全生育期始终高于T_1处理、低于T_2处理,其中与T_2处理差异均不显著,但在灌浆期指标值明显高于T_1处理;苞叶钾含量始终低于T_1处理,与T_2处理相比灌浆期较高、收获期较低,但差异均不显著;轴钾含量在灌浆期最高、收获期最低,与其他2个处理差异均达到了显著水平;灌浆期和收获期玉米子粒钾含量均最高,且与T_1处理差异均达到了显著水平,在灌浆期指标值也明显高于T_2处理。综合分析认为,深松施用有机肥有利于提高玉米生育前期各器官尤其是玉米子粒的钾含量。     

大数据环境下的数字图书馆多元转型策略研究

大数据环境的变化,不仅改变了用户的信息行为,也使得数字图书馆服务朝着越加个性化、知识化、多元化的角度不断发展,由此带动了数字图书馆资源特征与服务特征的适应性的变化,促使数字图书馆朝着创新服务模式、融合服务元素、拓展服务功能、知识化建设、精确化服务等角度的转型发展,也包括数字图书馆自身对于服务力量的不断强化和服务展现形式的多元化等方面的转型发展,推动数字图书馆不断改变原有的服务范式而朝着更加个性化、知识化和技术化的角度不断发展。     

Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep.     

体外产气法评价全株藜麦与全株玉米混合青贮饲料饲用价值

为提高全株藜麦的饲料化利用率，寻找其与全株玉米的最佳青贮比，试验共设全株藜麦与全株玉米比为100：0，90：10，80：20等11个组合进行青贮发酵，发酵60 d后测定各组青贮料的体外产气发酵指标，使用灰色关联度分析筛选出最佳青贮比例。结果表明，体外发酵至36 h时，各处理组GP趋于稳定，体外发酵减弱接近停止；全株藜麦与全株玉米比例为90：10时，该青贮饲料组合的粗蛋白（CP）和粗脂肪（EE）含量显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），乙酸（AA）、总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）含量以及氨态氮（NH₃-N）浓度显著高于其他各处理（P<0.05）。分析表明，全株藜麦与全株玉米比例为90：10时，混合青贮饲料的营养品质和产气发酵特性综合表现最好，可作为优质混合青贮饲料在家畜养殖中推广使用。     

国有林场改革路径选择与对策分析

文章论述了国有林场的建立与发展过程，提出了国有林场面临的主要问题和改革路径选择与对策分析。     

国内高架桥绿化及研究现状

从高架桥区的生态环境、适生种类的选择以及高架桥绿化的养护管理、景观配置模式四个方面对国内的高架桥绿化及研究现状进行了分析和探讨,指出了存在的问题和解决方法,并对高架桥绿化的前景进行了展望.