Variation in Shoot Anatomy and Rooting Behaviour of Stem Cuttings in Relation to Age of Donor Plants in Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.)

Shoot anatomical features viz., number of vessel elements, width and length of vessel and fibre elements were studied in relation to juvenility/maturity of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.). The findings show significant differences in these features, which indicates that variation in shoot anatomy can be used as a reliable indicator of juvenility/maturity in teak. The effect of age of donor plants and application of auxins on adventitious root formation in single noded leafy stem cuttings of teak was also investigated. Aging of donor trees suppressed rooting and sprouting of cuttings, but increased callus formation at the base of cuttings. Per cent rooting and per cent sprouting in cuttings decreased as age of donor plants increased from 2-months to 15-years and up to 30-years. IBA treatment promoted per cent rooting as well as per cent sprouting, NAA promoted only rooting and it suppressed sprouting. The effect of auxin treatment on rooting and sprouting of teak stem cuttings varied with the age of donor plants. Auxin and its concentration, which suppressed rooting and sprouting in cuttings of younger donor plants, actually promoted rooting when cuttings were taken from more mature donor plants. It appears that the auxin requirement for causing and promoting rooting in teak cuttings increased with increasing age of donor plants. The higher auxin requirement for causing and promoting rooting in cuttings of older trees may be due to a decrease in the content on endogenous auxins or decreased sensitivity of aging tissues to rooting promoters and /or accumulation of inhibitory substances which inhibit rooting.     

Growth,chlorophyll fluorescence and biochemical markers in clonal ramets of shisham (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia sissoo</Emphasis> Roxb.) at nursery stage

About 19 clones of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) were raised by using healthy coppice shoot cuttings. After 2 year of establishment and growth, they were examined to identify suitable clone of shisham at nursery stage. Clones were studied for growth (height and basal diameter), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and biochemical contents (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, free amino acids, total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, starch and reducing sugar) in the leaves. Clone C2 and C3 (Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India) had the highest growth and the chlorophyll fluorescence rate among examined clones. Between these two clones, C2 gave the highest response on height, basal diameter and Fv/Fm. Except free amino acids, all other biochemical contents were greater in the clones belonging to Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India. Growth parameters, i.e. height and basal diameter increment at nursery stage had a positive correlation with all the studied parameters, except free amino acid and total soluble protein. These findings have demonstrated that there are remarkable clonal variations in growth, physiological and biochemical responses at nursery stage. Thus, physiological and biochemical markers can enhance selection efficiency, in addition to growth characteristics such as height and basal diameter as these have practical value in the tree improvement. The study suggests that clones of Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India had the best performance and could be further tested in plantation programs.     

Anaesthetic efficacy of MS‐222 and AQUI‐S® in advanced size fry of rohu,Labeo rohita, (Hamilton‐Buchanan)

Anaesthetic agents are very useful for reducing the stress caused by handling, sorting, transportation, artificial reproduction, tagging, administration of vaccines and surgical procedures in fish. The efficacy of two anaesthetics: MS‐222 and AQUI‐S^® were tested on rohu, Labeo rohita advanced size fry. The lowest effective doses that produced induction in 3 min or less and recovery times 5 min or less and meet the most criteria of good anaesthetic characteristics were 125 mg L^?1 of MS‐222, and 30 mg L^?1 of AQUI‐S^® in rohu, Labeo rohita advanced size fry. Induction times were significantly decreased with increased in the concentrations of any of the two tested anaesthetic agents. The lowest doses suitable for transportation of rohu advanced size fry observed were: 10–15 mg L^?1 of MS‐222 and 2.5 mg L^?1 AQUI‐S^®. Both anaesthetics showed promising to be used as anaesthetics for handling and transportation in rohu (Labeo rohita) advanced fry.     

克拉玛依地区减排林地下水动态变化及合理生态水位分析

基于对克拉玛依地区减排林地下水水位及水质的监测结果,分析了减排林地下水动态变化特征,探讨了减排林地下水的合理生态水位.结果表明,减排林区地下水埋深出现了规律性分布,减排林区地下水埋深已由2005年的7.8 m减小为2009年的4.6 m,呈减小趋势.减排林地下水的矿化度由2005年的22.67 g/L变化为2009年的5.35 g/L.并统计了减排林地下水理化性质特征,表明地下水的水溶性盐的空间变化明显.根据减排林区主要植被生长状况与地下水埋深关系,得出减排林区地下水合理生态水位为2.5～5.0 m.     

易利用态有机物质对水稻土甲烷排放的激发作用

为探讨外源有机物质对淹水稻田土壤CH4排放的激发作用,对比不同外源有机物质对土壤CH4排放的贡献差别,本研究选取3种标记的易利用态有机物(葡萄糖、乙酸和草酸)分别加入水稻土,进行了为期1个月的培养。结果表明:培养30 d后不同处理CH4的累计排放量差异显著(P0.05),其中,乙酸葡萄糖草酸对照;双因素方差分析结果显示,外源有机物质的添加加速了土壤易利用态有机质的矿化(即产生正激发效应);不同处理条件下激发作用产生的CH4分别占各处理CH4总累计排放量的73.3%(葡萄糖处理)、71.5%(乙酸处理)和40.9%(草酸处理),且CH4排放量与CH4激发效应之间极显著正相关关系说明土壤CH4排放主要要来自于土壤原有机质的分解,外源有机物质可能主要对土壤微生物活性及代谢途径有影响。     

克拉玛依市减排林区外围自然植被数量特征分析

以克拉玛依市减排林区外围自然植被为研究对象,分析自然植被的种类组成、习性及重要值。研究结果表明,在减排林区外围以藜科植被种类最为丰富,其次为蒺藜科,种类最少的为柽柳科;由于藜科植物的生物学特性及生态学特性引起的,故藜科的相对密度、相对优势度、相对频度及重要值均在群落中处于最高位置。研究区荒漠植物群落结构组成简单,寡种优势现象极为严重。     

水分胁迫下油梨幼苗活性氧代谢对光合作用的影响

研究水分胁迫下油梨幼苗叶片活性氧代谢的动态变化及其对光合作用的效应,结果表明：水分胁迫前期（胁迫的最初２ ｄ）,叶片含水量轻微下降,但Ｈ２Ｏ２和１Ｏ２迅速积累,ＡｓＡ和 Ｃａｒ含量降低,ＭＤＡ开始增加,光合速率下降。随胁迫程度的加深（３～１０ ｄ）,叶片含水量显著下降,Ｏ２－累积并呈现高峰,清除活性氧的酶系统活性和非酶系统的含量明显降低,可溶性蛋白、光合色素大量降解,ＭＤＡ含量进一步提高,光合速率急剧下降并丧失（第６ｄ）。说明水分胁迫下油梨幼苗光合抑制与活性氧的积累有关。      

3种沙地植物光合碳同化对环境因子的生理响应

Physiological responses of the photosynthetic carbon assimilation of one-Year-old seedlings of three sandy plant species to environmental factors were studied. The results showed that ( 1 ) the variati...     

新疆甘家湖梭梭林碳、氮、磷、钾生态化学计量特征

为探讨甘家湖梭梭林的C,N,P,K元素化学计量特征,进而揭示该地区梭梭林的养分限制状况和适应策略,以新疆甘家湖国家级自然保护区3种植被盖度C≥70%(HC),50%≤C70%(MC),30%≤C50%(LC)梭梭林为研究对象,从生态化学计量学角度,测定和分析土壤(0—10cm,10—20cm,20—40cm,40—60cm,60—100cm)及梭梭标准木地上、地下部分中的有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾的质量分数及计量比值。结果表明:(1)不同盖度梭梭林土壤营养元素及计量比存在差异,有机C和全N含量的变化规律基本相似:HCMCLC,全P和全K含量基本相似:HCLCMC。土壤C∶N较为稳定,不同盖度梭梭林土壤C∶P,C∶K,N∶P,K∶N差异显著,而不同盖度梭梭林地K∶P差异不显著(p0.05)。(2)梭梭植株地上部分仅中盖度N含量和C∶N显著高于低盖度(p0.05);梭梭植株地下部分C,N,P含量、C∶N,N∶P,K∶N在不同盖度之间差异显著,而K含量、C∶P,C∶K和K∶P在不同盖度之间差异不显著(p0.05)。梭梭植株地上和地下部分相比,C含量、C∶N,C∶P和C∶K为地下地上,而N,P,K含量、N∶P,K∶P和K∶N均为地上地下。(3)植株地上部分营养元素与土壤中对应元素多为负相关关系且相关系数较小,而地下部分营养元素与土壤中对应元素则多为正相关关系且相关系数较大。梭梭地上和地下部分,除C和P为负相关外,其余均为正相关,且C∶N和K∶N为显著正相关(p0.05)。综上得出,该地区土壤较为贫瘠,尤其N,P元素匮乏;梭梭生长主要受N限制;梭梭植株根系生长发育受土壤影响更大,植株体营养元素在同化过程中呈一定的比例关系。     

新疆甘家湖梭梭林林地土壤养分、盐分的累积特征

以新疆甘家湖梭梭林自然保护区植被盖度C≥70％（ HC）、50％≤C＜70％（ MC）、30％≤C＜50％（ LC）和无林地（ NL）4种林地类型土壤为研究对象,分析测定了土壤养分和盐分在0～100 cm空间上的分布特征。结果显示：4种盖度林地土壤有机质质量分数均不高,仅有2．70～6．90 g· kg-1。土壤中全效氮、磷和速效氮、磷、钾质量分数与有机质质量分数呈极显著正相关（ P＜0．001）,且全氮、全磷质量分数与有机质质量分数的比值相近（0．0330、0．0332）。 HC、MC、LC和NL林地土壤的速效磷和速效钾表聚现象明显,其中,土层深（H）0＜H≤20 cm中速效磷质量分数分别占其他土壤剖面的28．2％、40．5％、40．5％和33．2％,速效钾分别占41．8％、30．1％、34．2％和40．6％。4种类型梭梭林林地土壤剖面pH值均大于8．00,0＜H≤10 cm和60 cm＜H≤100 cm土层中总盐的质量分数较大。土壤中阴离子以Cl-和SO2-4为主,阳离子主要为Na＋和Ca2＋。综上所述,有林地土壤质量比裸地好,主要表现为有林地的有机质及速效养分质量分数较大,土壤盐度低。