楸树心材与边材的生长特征及变异规律

为系统了解珍贵阔叶树楸树心材与边材的生长特征及边心材转化规律,采用树木年轮分析仪对5株楸树不同树高处的圆盘进行年轮数、宽度等生长特征测定,建立心材与树木各生长量之间的回归模型。结果表明:楸树年轮宽度在10～15年达到峰值,可持续10年左右;心材起始树龄为5.26a,心材形成速率为0.90轮/a;属于生长收获周期短、心材形成时期较早且形成速率较快的树种。     

涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响研究

采用正交试验法,研究涂饰工艺对木质体育地板表面滑动摩擦系数的影响,试验因素为面漆涂饰次数、涂料种类和面板砂光目数,试验测试指标为表面滑动摩擦系数。方差分析结果表明,涂料种类与测试指标呈极为显著的影响关系,水性面漆涂饰的试件表面滑动摩擦系数相对较高;其他2个因素与测试指标之间无显著影响关系。砂光目数极可能对表面滑动摩擦系数有一定影响,但这一影响关系被底漆涂饰工艺所覆盖,因此所有试件的表面滑动摩擦系数全部达到了国家标准的要求。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

西南桦木材干燥特性与干燥方法及其工艺

为寻求南方珍贵阔叶树西南桦木材的最适干燥方法及工艺．采用百度试验法．研究了西南桦木材干燥特性．并通过测试干燥前后试材的色差变化、干燥后的干燥质量和物理力学性能等指标．分析比较了常规、降温、蒸煮预处理的常规和降温4种不同的干燥方法的干燥效果．结果表明：未进行蒸煮预处理的西南桦木材综合干燥特性为5级．处理材综合干燥特性为4级．4种方法干燥的试材平均终含水率均达到国家3级标准，厚度含水率偏差和应力指标均达到国家1级标准．干燥初期常规干燥较降温干燥的干燥速度稍慢．而中后期常规干燥较降温干燥快60％以上；处理材的干燥速度较未处理材约快1倍．对西南桦木材而言蒸煮预处理的常规干燥是较为适合的干燥方法。     

横向振动方法评估大尺寸规格材静态抗弯弹性性质

该文通过比较大尺寸规格材动态和静态弹性模量之间的相互关系，探讨利用横向振动方法预测大尺寸板材抗弯弹性性质的可行性. 根据ASTM D198-99和ASTM D4761-96标准分别测定了加拿大针叶树商品材云杉-松-冷杉类大尺寸规格材 (38 mm×89 mm×3 658 mm) 的静态抗弯弹性模量E1和E2，并通过横向振动无损检测设备得到的动态弹性模量Etv对静态测试结果进行预测. 试验结果显示，横向振动方法得到的动态弹性模量Etv的平均值最大，比静态抗弯弹性模量E1和E2的平均值分别高5%(0.56 GPa)和15% (1.46 GPa). 动态弹性模量Etv与静态载荷方法测得的E1和E2都具有很好的相关性，相关系数分别为0.853 和0.881，均在0.01水平上呈显著相关. 该研究表明，横向振动方法能够快速准确地预测大尺寸规格材的静态抗弯弹性性质，是一种具有发展潜力的无损检测评估技术.      

北美的分级测试项目简介

本文介绍了北美的分级测试项目的背景,简要介绍了锯材应力赋值的历史以及促使锯材工业进行此项研究的原动力.     

DSC法研究水分含量对低分子量MUF树脂固化特性的影响

  目的  探究水分含量对低分子量三聚氰胺脲醛（MUF）树脂溶液固化特性的影响,为阐明树脂浸渍材在不同干燥阶段、不同空间层位中的树脂固化特性提供数据支撑。  方法  以实验室自制的MUF树脂溶液为研究对象,将其稀释成20%、30%、40%、50%后进行升温差示扫描量热测试（DSC）,通过外推法消除升温速率对峰顶温度的影响,拟合求解其最佳固化温度,定性阐述水分含量对MUF树脂固化特性的影响,并运用Kissinger微分法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa积分法计算20%、30%、40%、50%树脂溶液固化反应的表观活化能,定量分析水分对树脂固化特性的影响。  结果  随着MUF树脂溶液质量分数的降低,DSC曲线中峰顶温度整体上呈现向高温方向偏移的趋势,但是在升温速率15和20 ℃/min条件下,20%树脂溶液DSC曲线的峰顶温度峰位置向低温区域发生了偏移;通过外推法得到的20%、30%、40%、50% MUF树脂溶液的最佳固化温度分别为93.99、90.71、85.46和79.71 ℃;运用Kissinger微分法计算得到其表观活化能分别为92.94、82.37、65.93和50.68 kJ/mol,其结果与Flynn-Wall-Ozawa积分法验算结果相近。  结论  整体上,消除升温速率的影响后,水分对树脂固化反应起阻碍作用,并且水分越多,阻碍效应越明显;但在较高升温速率（15和20 ℃/min）条件下,20%MUF树脂溶液的DSC测试结果表明水分促进树脂固化反应,这可能是由分子运动加剧造成的。      

热处理对圆盘豆地板材颜色的影响

采用过热蒸汽作为传热介质和保护气体,于160、180、200、220℃分别对圆盘豆木材进行热处理试验。结果表明,热处理后圆盘豆木材颜色发生明显变化。随着热处理温度升高,木材明度L*下降,红绿色品指数a*变化不明显,黄蓝色品指数b*下降,色差△E*增大,木材表面颜色加深,并且木材径面色差值大于弦面及横截面色差值,表面色差值大于其内部色差值。     

树木木质部细胞凋亡及心材形成机理研究进展

概述有关木纤维、管状分子与薄壁细胞等木质部细胞凋亡和心材形成方面的研究成果,探讨木质部细胞凋亡与心材形成之间的信号通路及调控机理,并基于当前研究现状,提出几点建议。     

马铃薯新品种—秦芋32号选育

秦芋32号(原代号:康0102-5)是2000年以秦芋30号作母本,89-1优系作父本,有性杂交获得实生种子,经育种圃、鉴定圃选育而成。2011年3月申报国家农作物品种审定委员会待审,2011年10月通过审定。2007～2009年参加国家级马铃薯品种中晚熟西南组繁种及区域试验;2010年国家西南组生产试验平均产量1 443 kg/667 m2,比对照米拉增产12.5%。块茎干物质含量18.5%、淀粉含量11.8%,Vc含量14.2 mg/100 g,还原糖含量0.29%,粗蛋白含量2.1%。抗病性接种鉴定:中抗PVX和PVY,抗晚疫病。