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通过对稳定剂的稳定效果、糖酸比例、工艺条件等几个方面的研究,表明乳清清凉饮料的最佳条件:稳定剂含量为0.25%,白砂糖10.0%,采用90-95℃,5min杀菌,发酵温度为42±0.5℃,时间5.5h。 相似文献
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Effect of resistant starch on the intestinal health of old dogs: fermentation products and histological features of the intestinal mucosa
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M. C. Peixoto É. M. Ribeiro A. P. J. Maria B. A. Loureiro L. G. di Santo T. C. Putarov F. N. Yoshitoshi G. T. Pereira L. R. M. Sá A. C. Carciofi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e111-e121
The effects of resistant starch (RS) intake on nutrient digestibility, microbial fermentation products, faecal IgA, faecal pH, and histological features of the intestinal mucosa of old dogs were evaluated. The same formulation was extruded in two different conditions: one to obtain elevated starch cooking degree with low RS content (0.21%) and the other lower starch cooking with high RS content (1.46%). Eight geriatric Beagles (11.5 ± 0.38 years old) were fed each diet for 61 days in a crossover design. Food intake, nutrient digestibility, fermentation products, faecal pH, and faecal IgA were examined via variance analysis. Histological results of intestinal biopsies were assessed via Wilcoxon test for paired data. The morphometric characteristics of large intestine crypts were evaluated via paired t tests (p < .05). Protein, fat, and energy digestibilities were higher for the low‐RS diet (p < .05). Dogs receiving the high‐RS diet had lower faecal pH and higher values for propionate, butyrate, total volatile fatty acids, and lactate (p < .05). No differences between diets were found in the histological parameters of the gut mucosa, and only a tendency for deeper crypts in the descending colon was observed for dogs fed the high‐RS diet (p = .083). The intake of a corn‐based kibble diet manufactured with coarse ground raw material and low starch gelatinization to obtain 1.4% of RS affected microbial fermentation products and faecal pH and tended to increase crypt depth in the descending colon of old dogs. 相似文献
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Giuseppe Notarbartolo‐di‐Sciara Tundi Agardy David Hyrenbach Tullio Scovazzi Patrick Van Klaveren 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(4):367-391
- 1. In February 2002, France, Italy and Monaco agreed to establish an international sanctuary for Mediterranean marine mammals. The resulting Pelagos Sanctuary encompasses over 87500 km2 of the north‐western Mediterranean Sea, extending between south‐eastern France, Monaco, north‐western Italy and northern Sardinia, and surrounding Corsica and the Tuscan Archipelago.
- 2. The Pelagos Sanctuary illustrates how the tenets of Marine Protected Area (MPA) design can be reconciled with the dynamic nature of oceanic systems, because its spatial scale was defined by oceanographic and ecological considerations, specifically the location of the Ligurian permanent frontal system.
- 3. By expanding protective measures beyond national waters, the Pelagos Sanctuary also sets a precedent for the implementation of pelagic protected areas in the high seas. The Pelagos Sanctuary will contribute to the conservation of the Mediterranean Sea at two scales: (i) locally, by protecting important cetacean foraging and breeding grounds in the Ligurian Sea, and by providing ‘umbrella’ protection to other marine predators in this area; and (ii) regionally, by empowering other conservation measures, such as the Specially Protected Areas Protocol of the Barcelona Convention and the wider goals of the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black and Mediterranean Seas (ACCOBAMS).
- 4. However, because few cetacean species are resident within the Sanctuary, their effective long‐term conservation will require large‐scale management and coordinated monitoring throughout the Mediterranean basin.
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采用Ansys程序对龙华松花江特大桥施工悬浇阶段刚构桥墩进行风荷载内力分析,保证其结构在自重和静阵风荷载下可以安全施工. 相似文献
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低温驯化及封冻后不同抗寒性小麦品种细胞超微结构的比较 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
为分析不同抗寒性小麦品种在低温胁迫下细胞超微结构的差异,以抗寒品种东农冬麦1号和对照济麦22为材料,分别在低温驯化期和封冻期用透射电镜观察两个品种分蘖节和叶片的细胞超微结构。结果表明,低温驯化期(11月2日)两个品种分蘖节的细胞超微结构均没有受损。抗寒品种东农冬麦1号分蘖节细胞内有少量质体,且分蘖节的液泡占整个细胞的比例较济麦22小;封冻后10 d,济麦22分蘖节发生严重的质壁分离,线粒体外膜不再清晰,而东农冬麦1号分蘖节内除有的线粒体内外脊不再清晰外,其他细胞器官没有明显变化。封冻后30 d东农冬麦1号发生轻微的质壁分离,细胞核完整,线粒体膜不清晰;济麦22分蘖节细胞内含物基本没有,细胞空泡化。调查期内,济麦22叶片的叶绿体紧贴细胞壁排列,细胞内有较大的中央大液泡,11月2日叶绿体内出现拟脂颗粒,封冻后30 d叶片细胞基本空泡化;东农冬麦1号有一部分叶片细胞的叶绿体在细胞中部聚集,调查期内未见叶绿体内出现拟脂颗粒,封冻后30 d线粒体出现破损,叶绿体排列不再规则,但细胞核仍然清晰。 相似文献
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Gy Huszenicza Sz Jánosi M Kulcsár P Kóródi J Reiczigel L Kátai AR Peters F De Rensis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(3):199-204
Mastitis-induced ovarian abnormalities were studied in a field trial. At 1-3 day after calving, > or = 2 parity cows not affected with chronic recurrent mastitis and yielding < 400,000/ml somatic cell count (SCC) individual milk in the previous lactation, were enrolled in the study. Thereafter milk samples were collected three times weekly for 95-100 day for progesterone (P4) assay. Individual P4 profiles were used to monitor ovarian cyclicity. When mastitis was diagnosed in the first 80 day post-partum (pp), clinical signs were recorded and scored, and aseptic milk samples were taken to identify the mastitis pathogens. Depending on the isolated pathogens the cows were blocked into one of the three sub-groups affected by either Gram-positive (GP), or Gram-negative (GN) bacteria, or of those with no detected pathogens (NDP). Cows suffering from any type of mastitis between days 15 and 28 (n = 27) showed a delay in the onset of ovarian cyclicity, and estrus was postponed compared to cows affected during the first 14 day pp (n = 59) and controls (n = 175) (38.6 +/- 2.3 vs 33.4 +/- 2.1 and 32.0 +/- 1.0 day, respectively, for onset of ovarian cyclicity and 90.7 +/- 2.5 vs 80.2 +/- 2.8 and 83.9 +/- 2.1 day, respectively, for estrus; both p < 0.05). The percentage of cows ovulating by day 28 was lower in those affected by mastitis between days 14 and 28 compared to cows between days 1 and 14 and controls (22.2% vs 47.5 and 50.3%, respectively; p < 0.05). A significantly higher rate of premature luteolysis was observed in GN + NDP compared to GP mastitis and healthy cows (46.7% vs 8.3 and 2.0%, respectively; p < 0.001). If the mastitis outbreak occurred during the follicular phase, the duration of this cycle segment was lengthened in GN + NDP mastitis compared to GP mastitis and healthy cows (10.8 +/- 0.9 vs 7.9 +/- 0.1 and 7.2 +/- 0.1, respectively; p < 0.001). The results indicate that mastitis can affect the resumption of ovarian activity in pp dairy cows. Mastitis may also impair reproduction also in cyclic cows: this effect can be the consequence of premature luteolysis or a prolonged follicular phase. 相似文献
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Objective To compare different methods for assessing the compliance of veterinary clients administering medication to their dogs.
Procedure Thirty-one owners whose dogs were prescribed amoxycillin-clavulanate, twice and thrice daily, for a duration of five to seven days were recruited from three Sydney veterinary hospitals. Compliance was assessed by electronic monitoring devices, return medication counts, client self-reports and veterinarians' estimation of likely compliance.
Results Electronic monitoring showed owners administered on average 84% (range 7 to 104%) of prescribed medication to their dogs. Both return medication counts and client self-reports tended to overestimate therapeutic compliance when compared with electronic monitoring. When questioned, the majority of owners (71%) claimed perfect compliance with the prescribed regimen. No correlation was found between veterinarians' estimates of owner compliance and that assessed electronically.
Conclusion Electronic monitoring provided valuable information on dose timing and variation, but proved costly and difficult to employ in veterinary practice. Simplicity and low cost of return medication counts makes this method attractive for use in veterinary compliance studies. Client self-reports reliably detected some noncompliers and permitted identification of individual problems or errors. For practical purposes a combination of return medication counts and client self-reports may have merit in future veterinary compliance studies. 相似文献
Procedure Thirty-one owners whose dogs were prescribed amoxycillin-clavulanate, twice and thrice daily, for a duration of five to seven days were recruited from three Sydney veterinary hospitals. Compliance was assessed by electronic monitoring devices, return medication counts, client self-reports and veterinarians' estimation of likely compliance.
Results Electronic monitoring showed owners administered on average 84% (range 7 to 104%) of prescribed medication to their dogs. Both return medication counts and client self-reports tended to overestimate therapeutic compliance when compared with electronic monitoring. When questioned, the majority of owners (71%) claimed perfect compliance with the prescribed regimen. No correlation was found between veterinarians' estimates of owner compliance and that assessed electronically.
Conclusion Electronic monitoring provided valuable information on dose timing and variation, but proved costly and difficult to employ in veterinary practice. Simplicity and low cost of return medication counts makes this method attractive for use in veterinary compliance studies. Client self-reports reliably detected some noncompliers and permitted identification of individual problems or errors. For practical purposes a combination of return medication counts and client self-reports may have merit in future veterinary compliance studies. 相似文献