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1.
A. I. A. Pereira F. S. Ramalho J. B. Malaquia C. M. Bandeira J. P. S. Silva J. C. Zanuncio 《Phytoparasitica》2008,36(1):84-94
The food extraction by adult females ofPodisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from 3
rd
instarAlabama argillacea (Hübner) larvae was evaluated in the laboratory. The densities studied were converted to weight of prey offered: 15.7 (one
larva); 44.1 (three larvae); 71.4 (five larvae); 117.4 (seven larvae) and 148.8 mg (nine larvae). The adult weight, the amount
of food consumed, the weight of remaining larvae and the time taken to ingest the food were recorded every 24 h during 9 days
to estimate the percentage of food consumed, the quantity and the percentage of food extracted from each larva, the quantity
of food extracted per minute and the relative consumption rate. The quantity of food consumed (88.5% to 35.5%) and extracted
(90.8% to 35.5%) byP. nigrispinus females from each larva decreased as the food available increased. The time spent byP. nigrispinus to ingest food and the quantity of remaining food were similar during the 9-day period of the adult stage of this predator.
No interactions were observed between the age of females of this predator and the prey density. The weight gained (1.2–5.8
mg/9 days), body weight (35.5–42.3 mg) and the relative consumption rate (0.4–1.4 mg/mg/day) by females of this predator increased
at a declining rate with the quantity of food available.P. nigrispinus may change its predatory behavior as a function of food available.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 25, 2007. 相似文献
2.
G. D. Almeida D. Pratissoli J. C. Zanuncio V. B. Vicentini A. M. Holtz J. E. Serrão 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(3):225-230
Frankliniella schultzei Trybon (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an important pest of tomato plants. The need for more healthful foods is stimulating
the development of techniques to increase plant resistance to phytophagous insects. The objective of this research was to
evaluate the effect of calcium silicate and an organic mineral fertilizer, alone or in combination, on the resistance of tomato
plants to F. schultzei. The treatments consisted of: control (T1), calcium silicate (T2), organic mineral fertilizer (T3), and calcium silicate
with organic mineral fertilizer (T4). The mortality of nymphs of this thrips and the number of lesions on tomato leaves were
evaluated after three, six, nine and 12 applications of these products. The number of F. schultzei individuals and of lesions on tomato leaves was lower in treatments T2 and T4 than in T1 and T3, showing a possible increase
in tomato resistance to this pest. The increase in the number of applications of calcium silicate and the organic mineral
fertilizer increased the mortality of nymphs and reduced the damage by this insect on tomato leaves, mainly after nine applications. 相似文献
3.
F. S. Ramalho P. A. Wanderley J. B. Malaquias K. C. V. Rodrigues J. V. S. Souza J. C. Zanuncio 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(1):17-25
The duration of development of Bracon vulgaris Ashmead, parasitoid of the boll weevil Anthonomus grandis Boheman, was determined at nine constant temperatures between 18°C and 38°C. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to test
the fit of temperature-dependent development rates to the Sharpe and DeMichele and Lactin et al. models. At the highest tested
temperature (38°C) all the parasitoid eggs died before hatching and no evidence of development was observed. The high values
of R
2 for the models of Sharpe and DeMichele (0.8432 to 0.9834), and Lactin et al. (0.9071 to 0.9795) indicated that these models
are suitable to estimate the development rate of B. vulgaris as a function of temperature. B. vulgaris showed tolerance to high temperature which is represented by the high value of H
H (change in enthalpy associated with high-temperature inactivation of the enzyme) for the prepupa stage of this insect obtained
with the Sharpe and DeMichele model. According to that model, B. vulgaris exhibits thermal stress at 35.7°C, which indicates that maximum thermal stress estimated by this model was close to the real
one. 相似文献
4.
Soares M. A. Zanuncio J. C. Leite G. L. D. Wermelinger E. D. Serrão J. E. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2009,116(1):30-33
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The efficiency of biological control programs with predators depends on knowing defense behaviour of caterpillars to avoid or to reduce predation. The... 相似文献
5.
Rafael Coelho Ribeiro Walkymário de Paulo Lemos Paulo Manoel Pontes Lins Roberta de Melo Valente Antonio Agostinho Müller Alexandre Mehl Lunz José Cola Zanuncio 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(3):239-241
The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae) has great economic and social importance for many industrial and non-industrial products. Pests can reduce its productivity and cause its death. In 2005, larvae and adults of a Curculionidae were observed damaging the floral stalk of coconut palms in commercial plantations in the municipality of Moju, Pará State, in the Brazilian Amazon. Insects were identified as the black coconut bunch weevil, Homalinotus depressus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cholini). This is the first report of this pest damaging coconut palms in Brazil. 相似文献
6.
7.
M. A. Soares G. L. D. Leite J. C. Zanuncio S. L. Rocha V. G. M. de Sá J. E. Serrão 《Phytoparasitica》2007,35(3):314-318
The flight and parasitism capacities and emergence rate of fiveTrichogramma species [T. acacioi (Brun),T. bruni (Nagaraja),T. demoraesi (Nagaraja),T. maxacalii (Voegelé & Pointel) andT. soaresi (Nagaraja)] were compared. The flight capacity of these parasitoids was assessed in test units. A tube was placed inside
each test unit with a piece of card with 300Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs parasitized by one of theTrichogramma species. The emerged adults inside the test units were classified according to their position as flyers, non-flyers and walkers.
Cards withA. kuehniella eggs, parasitized by one of theTrichogramma species, were assessed to determine the parasitism rate and emergence of these natural enemies. The data were submitted to
analysis of variance and the means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.Trichogramma maxacalii exhibited better flight capacity than the other species, in addition to good parasitism rate and high percentage of emergence.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 10, 2007. 相似文献
8.
Pre-release techniques aim to increase the searching by the predators for their prey. Keeping bug predators for periods without
food before their release can increase the search ability of these insects. However, this practice can increase the cannibalism
during mass rearing. Brontocoris tabidus (Signoret) and Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were kept for 12, 24, 36 and 48 h without food or with only Eucalyptus cloeziana plants in order to verify the occurrence of cannibalism on adults and eggs. Insects kept for periods longer than 24 h showed
higher cannibalism on adults and eggs and the presence of a E. cloeziana plant decreased the cannibalism during all the treatment periods. These predators preferred to attack first the eggs rather
than the adults, probably because of the inability of the former to avoid predation. The pre-release period should not exceed
24 h and plants must be provided to the predators in order to reduce the occurrence of cannibalism and increase the predatory
capacity of these natural enemies. 相似文献
9.
Adriano E Pereira Pablo C Gontijo Andreza K Fantine Ricardo S Tinoco Mark R Ellersieck Geraldo A Carvalho Jos C Zanuncio Evaldo F Vilela 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2021,21(2)
The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most important coffee pest in most of the coffee growing countries. CBB females leave old dry berries after harvest and search for dry noninfested berries on the plant or on the ground to lay eggs or to use as refuge until new berries are available on the coffee trees in the following season. The CBB infestation level and emergence from berries on the ground or on the plants were evaluated in two fields post-harvest in the Spring in Brazil over two seasons. Twenty infested or noninfested berries in separate cages (250 ml plastic cups) were placed on the plants or on the ground under the tree canopy, in each field. The number of infested berries and CBB females that emerged from the infested berries were recorded weekly. CBB emergence was higher from berries on the ground than those on the coffee trees in both seasons, whereas CBB infestation was higher on coffee berries on the plants than those on the ground in season I. Insolation (hours of sunlight) and temperature were the main covariates that affected emergence and infestation by this insect. The results are discussed for monitoring CBB during the time of dispersal with implications on integrated management of this pest. 相似文献
10.
Mark P. Culik Maurício José Fornazier David dos Santos Martins José Salazar Zanuncio Jr. José Aires Ventura Ana Lúcia B. G. Peronti José Cola Zanuncio 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(3):387-398
The invasive mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a plant feeding insect believed to be native to Southern Asia or Australia. This mealybug has become established in many regions throughout the world (including the Caribbean and North America) in the past 100 years and is currently expanding its range in South America. Because this insect is of concern as a potential pest of many plant species, this review is provided to summarize knowledge of M. hirsutus based on past research that may be most useful for addressing the current invasion of South America by the species, and to identify gaps in information that may need to be addressed to inhibit the spread of the insect and improve management methods for this and similar organisms. In most areas into which M. hirsutus has expanded its range it is commonly suppressed by native or introduced natural enemies. Therefore, besides preventing introduction, establishment and spread of this potential pest, efforts should be made to determine if natural enemies of M. hirsutus are present in areas of concern (i.e., where the mealybug may be introduced and become established). Such information will enable determination of the need for introduction or augmentation of biological control agents in response to possible entry and establishment of the mealybug in new areas. Methods developed in response to the recent invasion of the Caribbean and North America by M. hirsutus may serve as models for addressing the threat of this and similar invasive pests in South America and elsewhere. 相似文献