Evaluation of growth response of phytopathogens Alternaria alternata,Diaporthe nobilis and Phytophthora plurivora to inhibitory potential of three essential oils of Monarda didyma genotypes

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The growth response of three phytopathogens to inhibitory activity of essential oils (EOs), derived from three monarda (Monarda didyma L.) genotypes, was...     

Apple juice clarification by immobilized pectolytic enzymes in packed or fluidized bed reactors

The catalytic behavior of a mixture of pectic enzymes, covalently immobilized on different supports (glass microspheres, nylon 6/6 pellets, and PAN beads), was analyzed with a pectin aqueous solution that simulates apple juice. The following parameters were investigated: the rate constant at which pectin hydrolysis is conducted, the time (tau(50)) in which the reduction of 50% of the initial viscosity is reached, and the time (tau(comp,dep)) required to obtain complete depectinization. The best catalytic system was proven to be PAN beads, and their pH and temperature behavior were determined. The yields of two bed reactors, packed or fluidized, using the catalytic PAN beads, were compared to the circulation flow rate of real apple juice. The experimental conditions were as follows: pH 4.0, T = 50 degrees C, and beads volume = 20 cm(3). The initial pectin concentration was the one that was present in our apple juice sample. No differences were observed at low circulation rates, while at higher recirculation rates, the time required to obtain complete pectin hydrolysis into the fluidized reactor was found to be 0.25 times smaller than in the packed bed reactor: 131 min for the packed reactors and 41 min for the fluidized reactors.     

Studies on β-carotene and lycopene content in the fruits of lycopersicon esculentum mill. X L. Chilense dun. Hybrids

Data are reported from breeding work in the progeny of the cross (L. chilense x Ace)F₁ x Ace as a result of which stabilized lines have been obtained with different β-carotene/lycopene ratio. In some lines possessing very good morphological and economic properties the fruits contained up to 8–9 mg% of β-carotene and were also distinguished by high vitamin C content (about 50 mg%). No determinate plants with high β-carotene content in the fruits were observed. It is suggested that the same B factor determining high β-carotene content inL. hirsutum is present inL. chilense. Therefore, it is in close relation with the sp⁺ gene in the sixth chromosome.