Cytotoxic alkaloids from stems, leaves and twigs of Dasymaschalon blumei

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the cytotoxic ethyl acetate extract from the stems of Dasymaschalon blumei (Annonaceae) led to the isolation of four aristololactam alkaloids, including the hitherto unknown 3,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyaristolactam (1), as well as the three known compounds, aristolactam BI, goniopedaline, and griffithinam. Additionally, the cytotoxic extract from the combined leaves and twigs of the same plant yielded three known oxoaporphine alkaloids, oxodiscoguattine, dicentrinone, and duguevalline. The structures of aristolactams and oxoaporphine alkaloids were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. All isolates were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of mammalian cancer cell lines and a noncancerous human embryonic kidney cell Hek 293.     

水稻白叶枯病菌抗药性现象的室内研究

水稻白叶枯病是水稻的主要病害,目前我国防治该病的药剂主要是噻枯唑(川化—018),在含药含菌培养基上,筛选出了叶枯净(5—氧酚嗪)抗性菌,其突变率为2×10~(-6),抗性指数为333。未发现噻枯唑和渝—7802抗性菌。而在活体上直接喷药筛选时既发现了叶枯净抗性菌(抗性指数大于108),又发现了噻枯唑抗性菌(抗性指数大于196),仍然未发现渝—7802抗性菌,进一步的试验证明,噻枯唑活体抗性菌,离体测定时无抗药性,说明噻枯唑活体抗性和离体抗性不一致,而叶枯净的活体抗性和离体抗性一致。交互抗性测定证明,噻枯唑、叶枯净、渝—7802三者之间无交互抗性现象,而噻枯唑与敌枯双之间存在着强烈的正交互抗性。     

Simulation model of rainfed rice production on sloping land in northeast Thailand

In northeast Thailand, the rapid expansion of rainfed paddy fields has decreased the stability of rice production. This paper describes a model that computes rice production on the basis of the hydrologic conditions of rainfed paddy fields on hill slopes. The model well expressed the hydrologic processes, rice yield, and production at the study site. We simulated rice production as uphill paddy plots are abandoned, increasing catchment area, under various rainfall conditions. The simulation showed that rice yield and stability increase as uphill plots are abandoned, although the total rice production decreases. Thus, the effect of catchment size on rice production in each plot was quantified. The model proved to be useful for analyzing rainfed rice production under various land and water conditions.