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1.
Fernanda S. ORREGO Mathias HÜNE Hugo A. BENÍTEZ Mauricio F. LANDAETA 《Integrative zoology》2023,18(2):372-384
Phenotypic variation in organisms depends on the genotype and the environmental constraints of the habitat that they exploit. Therefore, for marine species inhabiting contrasting aquatic conditions, it is expected to find covariation between the shape and its spatial distribution. We studied the morphology of the head and cephalic sensory canals of the eelpout Austrolycus depressiceps (4.5–22.5 cm TL) across its latitudinal distribution in South Pacific (45°S–55°S). Geometric morphometric analyses show that the shape varied from individuals with larger snout and an extended suborbital canal to individuals with shorter snouts and frontally compressed suborbital canal. There was size variation across the sampled populations, but that size does not have a clear latitudinal gradient. Only 8% of the shape variation relates to this size variation (allometry), represented by a decrease in the relative size of the eye, and a depression of the posterior margin of the head. There were spatial differences in the shape of the head, but these differences were probably caused by allometric effects. Additionally, 2 of the canals of the cephalic lateralis pores and the head shape showed modularity in its development. This study shows that the morphology of marine fish with a shallow distribution varies across distances of hundreds of kilometers (i.e., phenotypic modulation). 相似文献
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VC McIver AS Tsang NE Symonds NR Perkins E Uquillas CM Dart LB Jeffcott AJ Dart 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(6):250-255
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We investigated the mechanisms of resistance to α-cypermethrin in a Q biotype, highly resistant Bemisia tabaci strain (GRMAL-RP) isolated from Crete. Cytochrome P450-dependent monoxygenase activity with the substrate ethoxycoumarin, and carboxylesterase activity with the substrates α-naphthyl-acetate, β-naphthyl-acetate, and para-nitrophenol acetate were substantially elevated in the GRMAL-RP, compared to the susceptible SUD-S strain, while glutathione-S-transferase activity with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was not different. The metabolic inhibitors piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate synergised cypermethrin toxicity in the GRMAL-RP strain, however, mortality was still lower than that of the susceptible strain, indicating the presence of an additional resistance mechanism. Analysis of the sequence of the IIS4-IIS6 region of the para sodium channel gene of the GRMAL-RP strain revealed two amino acid replacements compared to that of the SUD-S susceptible strain. One is the leucine to isoleucine substitution at position 925 (L925I) previously implicated in B. tabaci pyrethroid resistance and the other is a novel kdr resistant mutation for B. tabaci, a threonine to valine substitution at position 929 (T929V). Genotype analysis showed that the L925I and T929V were present in all GRMAL-RP males tested, at an approximately 1:1 frequency, but never in combination in the same haplotype. 相似文献
4.
Emmanouil Roditakis Maria Grispou Evangelia Morou Jon Bent Kristoffersen Nikos Roditakis Ralf Nauen John Vontas Anastasia Tsagkarakou 《Pest management science》2009,65(3):313-322
BACKGROUND: A major problem of crop protection in Crete, Greece, is the control of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) with chemical insecticides owing to the rapid development of resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the establishment of resistance and the underlying mechanisms to major insecticide classes with classical bioassays and known biochemical resistance markers. RESULTS: During a 2005–2007 survey, 53 Q biotype populations were collected. Application history records showed extensive use of neonicotinoids, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. High resistance levels were identified in the majority of populations (>80%) for imidacloprid (RF: 38–1958×) and α‐cypermethrin (RF: 30–600×). Low resistance levels (RF < 12) were observed for pirimiphos‐methyl. A strong correlation between resistance to imidacloprid and the number of applications with neonicotinoids was observed. Significant correlations were observed between COE and P450‐dependent monoxygenase activity with resistance to α‐cypermethrin and imidacloprid respectively. A propoxur‐based AChE diagnostic test indicated that iAChE was widespread in most populations. Resistance levels for α‐cypermethrin were increased when compared with a previous survey (2002–2003). Differentiation of LC50 values between localities was observed for imidacloprid only. CONCLUSION: Bemisia tabaci resistance evolved differently in each of the three insecticides studied. Imidacloprid resistance seems less established and less persistent than α‐cypermethrin resistance. The low resistance levels for pirimiphos‐methyl suggest absence of cross‐resistance with other organophosphates or carbamates used. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
5.
Desneux Nicolas Han Peng Mansour Ramzi Arn Judit Brvault Thierry Campos Mateus R. Chailleux Anais Guedes Raul N. C. Karimi Javad Konan Kouassi Arthur J. Lavoir Anne-violette Luna Mara G. Perez-Hedo Meritxell Urbaneja Alberto Verheggen Franois J. Zappal Lucia Abbes Khaled Ali Abid Bayram Yunus Cantor Fernando Cuthbertson Andrew G. S. De Vis Raf Erler Fedai Firake Dnyaneshwar M. Haddi Khalid Hajjar M. Jamal Ismoilov Khasan Jaworski Coline C. Kenis Marc Liu Hao-tian Madadi Hossein Martin Thibaud Mazih Ahmed J. Messelink Gerben Mohamed Samira A. Nofemela Robert S. Oke Abiola Ramos Csar Ricupero Michele Roditakis Emmanouil Shashank Pathour R. Wan Fang-Hao Wang Ming-hui Wang Su Zhang Yi-Bo Biondi Antonio 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(1):17-39
Journal of Pest Science - The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), has invaded most Afro-Eurasian countries and is threatening worldwide tomato... 相似文献
6.
In 2004 the banded greenhouse thrips,Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), was recorded for the first time in greenhouse-grown organic banana in the area of Sitia
(northeastern Crete). Banana fruits were severely damaged by the thrips infestation and a typical smoky-red discoloration
of the fruit was observed. Pest control was poor using either high-pressure washing with potassium fatty acids, or commercially
available thrips predatorsNeoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) andOrius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). During 2005H. femoralis was also found causing severe damage in conventional banana plantations in Arvi, the main banana-growing area of Crete.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 17, 2006. 相似文献
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M. PLOEG V. SAEY C. M. de BRUIJN A. GRÖNE K. CHIERS G. van LOON R. DUCATELLE P. R. van WEEREN W. BACK C. DELESALLE 《Equine veterinary journal》2013,45(1):101-106
Reasons for performing study: In horses, aortic sinus of Valsalva aneurysms or tears in the aortic root are well‐recognised conditions in breeding stallions, often leading to sudden death. A more uncommon form of aortic rupture, located proximal to the ligamentum arteriosum has been reported in 3 Friesian horses. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to phenotypically characterise aortic rupture and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation in Friesian horses in terms of clinical and post mortem data based on 24 cases. Methods: Friesian horses that were diagnosed with aortic rupture and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation over a period of 13 years (1997–2010) at the Department of Equine Sciences of Utrecht University (n = 15) and Wolvega Equine Hospital (n = 9), were included in this study. Case history, results of clinical examination and gross post mortem findings were screened and analysed. Results: Some cases were found dead without prior symptoms, but in several cases signs such as recurrent colic, peripheral oedema and sustained tachycardia were present for several weeks prior to cardiac failure. Clinical examination during hospitalisation revealed increased rectal temperature, peripheral oedema and increased jugular pulse with a bounding arterial pulse. In the majority of horses an aortic rupture of the aortic arch near the ligamentum arteriosum, concurrent with a circumferential cuff of perivascular haemorrhage and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation, was found at post mortem examination. Conclusions: Aorto‐pulmonary fistulation in conjunction with aortic rupture is more common in Friesians than previously estimated. In some cases findings demonstrate a progressive pathology rather than acute cardiac failure and sudden death. An appropriate approach is necessary during post mortem examination of the heart in order not to overlook the diagnosis. Potential relevance: Equine practitioners should realise that in Friesian horses presented with a history of recurrent false colic, coughing, sustained tachycardia and/or peripheral oedema, aortic rupture and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation should be included in the differential diagnosis. 相似文献
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A severe attack by the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) was recorded for the first time in Central-Northern Crete (Greece) on white variety table grapes ( cv. Soultanina) in August 2007. The infestation was detected in hormone (gibberellic acid) treated vineyards only and was successfully controlled using cultural measures and baited application of insecticides. This report is discussed in relation to the possible effects on the table grape export market, based on the fact that C. capitata is under quarantine regulations worldwide. 相似文献
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In autumn 2007, an allium leafminer, Phytomyza gymnostoma Loew (Diptera: Agromyzidae), was recorded for the first time in non‐commercial leek crops in the areas of Elassona and Katerini in Central Greece. Leek plants were severely damaged by the leafminer larvae infestation. Typical feeding symptoms were observed, caused by the mining behaviour of larvae within inner and outer leaves of leek plants, resulting in the formation of descending galleries. Pest control was performed locally using commercial insecticides with unknown efficacy mainly due to ignorance of the species biology. 相似文献