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排序方式: 共有120条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Yoshiki Matsushita Shusuke Machida Haruyuki Kanehiro Fumio Nakamura Naoto Honda 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(2):230-235
ABSTRACT: A small number of fishers in Chiba Prefecture of eastern Japan use cotton gill nets to catch Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus. To examine the advantages of cotton gill nets, we analyzed changes in mesh breaking load of a new cotton gill net used in a fishing operation. A new cotton gill net was also soaked in a seawater tank to simulate ghost fishing conditions. The average mesh breaking load of new cotton mesh was 50.3 N. This value decreased to 19.0 N after 38 days (∼912 h), and after 82 days (∼1968 h) the mesh could be easily torn (breaking load 0.07 N). Under fishing conditions, the cumulative soak time was only 744.4 h over 19 months. The average breaking load at the end of this period was 43.1 N, a strength 86% that of the presoaked mesh. The mesh breaking load of a cotton gill net continuously soaked for 744.4 h was 26.1 N, as estimated from tank experiment data. Thus, a cotton gill net maintains reasonable strength under typical use conditions, but will degrade if lost at sea. 相似文献
2.
Ichiro Nagaoka Hideki Sasahara Kei Matsushita Hideo Maeda Shuichi Fukuoka Utako Yamanouchi 《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):546-553
ABSTRACTWe conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of grain appearance (GA) and agronomic traits of rice, using 128 recombinant inbred lines derived from ‘Emi-no-kizuna’ and ‘Tomohonami’. We detected two promising QTLs associated with GA: qGA4 on chromosome 4 and qGA8 on chromosome 8. qGA4 contributed highly to the greater percentage of perfect grains of the Emi-no-kizuna genotype. In the same region, we detected other QTLs associated with panicle number and spikelet number per panicle. In near-isogenic lines (NILs) in which Emi-no-kizuna alleles were introgressed in the genomic region of only the semi-dwarf 1 (sd1) locus (NIL_1) and both the sd1 locus and qGA8 (NIL_2), respectively, the percentage of perfect grains was significantly higher and the percentages of milky white, basal white, and white back grains were significantly lower than in Tomohonami; and the percentages of milky white and white back grains of NIL_2 were significantly lower than those of NIL_1. These results suggest that introgression in the sd1 region could improve GA, and that the addition of qGA8 could further improve GA. The culm lengths of the NILs were significantly shorter than that of Tomohonami, indicating improved lodging resistance. Grain weight of NIL_2 was significantly smaller than that of NIL_1, suggesting that the effect of qGA8 could be pleiotropic, or the gene that underlies qGA8 could be linked with genes associated with grain weight.Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; AT20: mean air temperature in the 20 days after heading; BW: basal white grain; CL: culm length; DAH: days after heading; GA: grain appearance; GW: 1000-grain weight; LOD: logarithm of odds; MW: milky white grain; NIL: near-isogenic line; PG: perfect grain; PL: panicle length; PN: panicle number; PTSN: putative total spikelet number; PVE: percentage of phenotypic variation explained; QTL: quantitative trait locus; RIL: recombinant inbred line; SN: spikelet number per panicle; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; WB: white back grain 相似文献
3.
Akinori Hirashima Manabu Matsushita Kentaro Nakazono Morifusa Eto 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,85(1):15-20
Effects of 1-arylimidazole-2(3H)-thiones (AITs) and 1-(substituted benzyl)imidazole-2(3H)-thiones (BITs) were tested on progeny formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Some AITs showed inhibitory activities at laying eggs and delayed eclosion by 1 day. The inhibitory activity was nullified by adding octopamine (OA) or noradrenaline (NA) to the medium for progeny formation in D. melanogaster. The effect of AIT on the contents of OA and NA was analyzed in adults of D. melanogaster by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Flies fed with AIT decreased OA and NA levels and increased TA content. Taken together, the inhibitory activity of AIT could be due to inhibition of tyramine β-hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase. 相似文献
4.
Takao Tsukiboshi Yoshiaki Chikuo Yoko Ito Yosuke Matsushita Koji Kageyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(4):293-296
Root and stem rot with wilt of above ground parts of cultivated chrysanthemums was first found in Ibaraki, Toyama and Kagawa
prefectures, Japan in 2002 and 2003. Pythium species were isolated from the diseased tissues and identified as P. dissotocum, P. oedochilum, P. sylvaticum, P. ultimum var. ultimum and asexual strains of P. helicoides based on their morphologies and sequences of rDNA-ITS region. All the Pythium species were strongly pathogenic to chrysanthemums in pot conditions and were reisolated from the inoculated plants. Because
Pythium root and stem rot of chrysanthemum has never been reported in Japan, we propose that this is a new disease that can
be caused by the five Pythium species. 相似文献
5.
The chemical conversion of phenolized sulfuric acid lignin (P-SAL), prepared from sulfuric acid lignin (SAL) by phenolation
with sulfuric acid catalyst, to novel cationic surfactant was investigated. To elucidate the chemical reactivity of the P-SAL
to a Mannich reaction, 1-guaiacyl-1-p-hydroxyphenylethane (I) as a simple phenolized sulfuric acid lignin model compound was reacted with dimethylamine and formaldehyde. Quantitative
analysis of the products by gas-liquid chromatography suggested that the p-hydroxyphenyl nucleus was more reactive than the guaiacyl nucleus. The Mannich reaction of SAL with dimethylamine did not
yield a soluble cationic surfactant, but P-SAL produced water-soluble cationic surfactant in a quantitative yield. The Mannich
reaction products (MP-SAL) of P-SAL had 1,3-dimethylaminomethyl groups/C9-C6. The results of the surface tension measurements showed that the decrease in surface tension of MP-SAL was much larger than
that of lignosulfonate as a commercial surfactant from lignin. 相似文献
6.
7.
Genotype distribution of Raffaelea quercivora in the oak galleries and its composition in the mycangia of Platypus quercivorus
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Raffaelea quercivora is the pathogenic fungus that causes Japanese oak wilt. The female monogynous ambrosia beetle, Platypus quercivorus, carries this fungus in mycangia on the pronotum. These beetles bore galleries in oak trees with their partners to produce offspring, and they deposit fungus on the gallery walls from their mycangia. The offspring mature in the gallery, before loading the fungal pathogen and flying from the gallery to other healthy trees. To investigate the unloading and loading modes of the fungus within the gallery, we developed four polymorphic microsatellite markers for R. quercivora and identified the fungal genotypes in the galleries and mycangia of the beetles. Small wood chips were sampled at 5–10‐mm intervals from the walls of five galleries in a dead Quercus serrata tree. The pronota were also sampled from five female adult beetles. The genotypes of the R. quercivora isolates from the wood chips and pronota were identified using the microsatellite makers. The genotypic analysis showed that each gallery was inhabited patchily by 5–10 genotypes of R. quercivora, and the mycangia of each beetle contained 3–6 genotypes. These results indicate that diverse R. quercivora genotypes are unloaded repeatedly from the mycangia of female beetles onto the gallery wall, which results in their patchy distribution on the walls. When the offspring leave the host tree, the fungal clones that proliferate in the walls are also loaded repeatedly into the mycangia of the mature beetles. 相似文献
8.
Characterization of segregation distortion on chromosome 3 induced in wide hybridization between indica and japonica type rice varieties 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
S. Matsushita T. Iseki Y. Fukuta E. Araki S. Kobayashi M. Osaki M. Yamagishi 《Euphytica》2003,134(1):27-32
We previously surveyed chromosomal regions showing segregation distortion of RFLP markers in the F2 population from the cross between a japonica type variety ‘Nipponbare’ and an indica type variety ‘Milyang23’, and showed
that the most skewed segregation appeared on the short arm of chromosome 3. By comparison with the marker loci where distortion
factors were previously identified, this region was assumed to be a gametophytic selection-2 (ga2) gene region. To evaluate this region, two near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed. One NIL had the ‘Nipponbare’ segment
of this region on the genetic background of ‘Milyang23’ (NIL9-23), and the other NIL had the ‘Milyang23’ segment on the genetic
background of ‘Nipponbare’ (NIL33-18). NIL9-23 and ‘Milyang23’, NIL33-18 and
‘Nipponbare’, and ‘Nipponbare’ and ‘Milyang23’ were respectively crossed to produce F1 and F2 populations. The F1 plants of NIL9-23 × ‘Milyang23’ and NIL33-18 × ‘Nipponbare’ showed high seed fertility and the same pollen fertility as their
parental cultivars, indicating that ga2 does not reduce seed and pollen fertility. Segregation ratio of a molecular marker on the ga2 region in the three F2 populations was investigated to clarify whether segregation distortion occurred on the different genetic backgrounds. Segregation
distortion of the ga2 region appeared in the both F2 populations from the NIL9-23 and ‘Milyang23’ cross (background was
‘Milyang23’ homozygote) and the ‘Nipponbare’ and ‘Milyang23’ cross (background was heterozygote), but did notin the F2 population from the NIL33-18 and ‘Nipponbare’ cross (background was ‘Nipponbare’ homozygote). This result indicates that
ga2 interacts with a ‘Milyang23’ allele(s) on the different chromosomal region(s) to cause skewed segregation of the ga2 region. In addition, segregation ratio was the same between the F2 populations from NIL9-23 × ‘Milyang23’ and ‘Nipponbare’ × ‘Milyang23’ crosses, suggesting that the both genotypes, ‘Milyang23’
homozygote and heterozygote, of gene(s) located on the different chromosomal region(s) have the same effect on the segregation
distortion.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Yosuke Matsushita Tomio Usugi Shinya Tsuda 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(4):441-447
In situ hybridization was used to analyze the distribution pattern of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd) in floral organs of tomato plants. Following TCDVd invasion of floral organs, it became localized only in sepals
at an early developmental stage, then reached other floral organs at the flower opening stage, with the exception of part
of the placenta and ovules. When distribution of TCDVd was compared with that of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), TCDVd was not detected in the outer integument around the embryo sac even though PSTVd was able to invade there,
suggesting that such specific distribution might reflect the frequent occurrence of viroid disease on crops caused by PSTVd-seed
transmission. 相似文献
10.