In vitro and In vivo Activity of Cyprodinil and Pyrimethanil on Botrytis cinerea Isolates Resistant to other Botryticides and Selection for Resistance to Pyrimethanil in a Greenhouse Population in Greece

No cross-resistance was observed between pyrimethanil or cyprodinil and the fungicides benomyl, iprodione or carbendazim + diethofencarb. In vitro, both anilinopyrimidine fungicides were effective against strains of Botrytis cinerea resistant to benzimidazoles and/or dicarboximides and against a wild type strain insensitive to diethofencarb (EC₅₀ values ranged between 0.03–0.19 and 0.006–0.054gml^–1 for pyrimethanil and cyprodinil, respectively). Preventive applications of anilinopyrimidines completely protected young cucumber plants and fruits that were inoculated with all strains of B. cinerea. The effectiveness of pyrimethanil against grey mould was studied in greenhouse grown tomatoes in relation to (a) the type of infection and the progress of the disease on different plant parts and (b) the response of the naturally occurring B. cinerea population to the selection pressure caused by eight successive applications of this fungicide. Pyrimethanil effectively controlled grey mould on leaves, fruits and stems but did not significantly reduce the number of dead plants and fruits with 'ghost spot' symptoms. The selection pressure caused by the consecutive applications of pyrimethanil resulted in reduction of its effectiveness on leaves that became apparent after the sixth application. This was correlated with a shift of the B. cinerea population (not previously exposed to anilinopyrimidines) towards reduced sensitivity, probably due to the development of a low level of resistance (R _L = 7.7). Pyrimethanil delayed the onset of the disease but it did not reduce the infection rate.     

Control of Leveillula taurica in Tomato by Acremonium alternatum is by Induction of Resistance, not Hyperparasitism

Spores of the hyperparasite Acremonium alternatum reduced powdery mildew infection by Leveillula taurica on greenhouse tomato. The effect was slightly increased when spores were applied killed, and therefore not due to direct parasitism. The effect was systemic, protecting untreated leaves above the treated ones. Spores killed by heat had more effect than when killed by UV, so the effect was presumably due to induction of host resistance by substances released when cells were heat killed. The size of the effect depended upon leaf age and level of infection. Effects on primary infection and expansion of successful infections appear to be under independent control.     

Control of powdery mildew of grape in Greece using Sporodex® L and Milsana®

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Six field trials were conducted in Greece to study the efficacy of two formulations of Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (Milsana® Vp 1999 &...     

Occurrence of decreased sensitivity of Sphaerotheca fuliginea to ditalimfos

Samenvatting In proefvelden van een instituut voor gewasbescherming te Heraklion op Kreta, waar fungiciden op hun werking tegen komkommermeeldauw worden getoetst, bleek de werking van ditalimfos na toepassing in twee proeven reeds verminderd te zijn. Het optreden van resistentie werd bevestigd in proeven in een klimaatkamer. Voor drie isolaten uit de proefvelden was de ED₅₀ van het middel ongeveer 19 maal zo hoog als die voor zes willekeurige isolaten uit praktijkpercelen.De detalimfos-resistente isolaten waren wel gevoelig voor fenarimol en pyrazophos.In proefvelden, die niet met het fungicide werden behandeld, bleken de resistente isolaten zich temidden van gevoelige isolaten te handhaven gedurende tenminste negen maanden.     

Characterization of Pseudomonas viridiflava Associated with a New Symptom on Tomato Fruit

A bacterial disease of tomato fruits was recorded during the winter in outdoor crops in Crete, causing damage of up to 30% in commercial production. Bacterial spots appeared on the upper surface of middle size immature fruit and the spots became larger with the increase of fruit size. Spots were round or elongated, superficial and lightly sunken, 1.5–2cm in diameter. The centre of the spots dried out and became progressively gray, brown to black-brown and had intensely coloured margins. The infected area did not develop into soft rot. The bacterium Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder) Dowson was identified as the causal agent on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and pathological characters. This appears to be the first time that these symptoms have been described on tomato fruit.