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Ritter MJ Perry RL Olivier NB Kim SY Dejardin LM 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2007,43(2):93-98
A novel technique was developed to estimate the caudal medial tibial plateau landmark in the face of osteophytosis to improve accuracy in tibial plateau angle measurements. Using this technique, tibial plateau angles were evaluated in 31 normal dogs before and 8 months after right cranial cruciate ligament transection. There was no significant difference in mean tibial plateau angle before or after induction of osteophytosis. Additionally, it was determined that 90% of dogs had a difference of =2 degrees between right and left tibial plateau angles, which was considered symmetrical. 相似文献
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Collet E Lemée-Cailleau MH Buron-Le Cointe M Cailleau H Wulff M Luty T Koshihara SY Meyer M Toupet L Rabiller P Techert S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5619):612-615
We report the direct observation by x-ray diffraction of a photoinduced paraelectric-to-ferroelectric structural phase transition using monochromatic 100-picosecond synchrotron pulses. It occurs in tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil, a charge-transfer molecular material in which electronic and structural changes are strongly coupled. An optical 300-femtosecond laser pulse switches the material from a neutral to an ionic state on a 500-picosecond time scale and, by virtue of intrinsic cooperativity, generates self-organized long-range structural order. The x-ray data indicate a macroscopic ferroelectric reorganization after the laser irradiation. Refinement of the structures before and after laser irradiation indicates structural changes at the molecular level. 相似文献
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Objective— To compare standard interlocking nails (ILN) with a newly designed ILN featuring an angle-stable locking mechanism (ILNn).
Study design— Six experimental groups.
Sample population— Bone models (n=48) treated with 6 and 8 mm nails locked with screws or bolts (ILN6s, ILN8s, ILN6b, ILN8b, respectively), ILNn, and a 3.5 mm broad-DCP (br-DCP); n=4/testing mode.
Methods— Specimens were tested in torsion or 4-point bending. Construct compliance, deformation, and slack were statistically compared ( P <.05).
Results— Regardless of testing mode, construct compliance was greater with smaller ILN. Screwed constructs were more compliant than bolted ones, with a significant difference between ILN6s and ILN6b in torsion. Plated constructs were significantly more compliant than the ILNn. Angular deformation was consistently greater with smaller ILN. Screwed ILN constructs sustained ∼2 × the torsional deformation of the bolted ones (∼36° [ILN6s] versus ∼18° [ILN6b]). Comparatively, ILNn constructs had significantly less torsional (∼8°) and bending (∼4°) deformation than other constructs. Whereas standard ILN constructs had slack in both modes, ILNn and br-DCP construct deformations consistently occurred without slack.
Conclusions— Use of bolts rather than screws improved ILN mechanical behavior, but neither locking mechanism completely counteracted torsion and bending forces. Conversely, the ILNn angle-stable locking system eliminated torsional and bending slack, resulting in comparable mechanical performances between ILNn and plated constructs.
Clinical Relevance— The angle-stable locking mechanism of the new ILN eliminates all slack in the system; thus, interfragmentary motion will likely be reduced compared with standard ILN, which may improve the local environment for fracture healing. 相似文献
Study design— Six experimental groups.
Sample population— Bone models (n=48) treated with 6 and 8 mm nails locked with screws or bolts (ILN6s, ILN8s, ILN6b, ILN8b, respectively), ILNn, and a 3.5 mm broad-DCP (br-DCP); n=4/testing mode.
Methods— Specimens were tested in torsion or 4-point bending. Construct compliance, deformation, and slack were statistically compared ( P <.05).
Results— Regardless of testing mode, construct compliance was greater with smaller ILN. Screwed constructs were more compliant than bolted ones, with a significant difference between ILN6s and ILN6b in torsion. Plated constructs were significantly more compliant than the ILNn. Angular deformation was consistently greater with smaller ILN. Screwed ILN constructs sustained ∼2 × the torsional deformation of the bolted ones (∼36° [ILN6s] versus ∼18° [ILN6b]). Comparatively, ILNn constructs had significantly less torsional (∼8°) and bending (∼4°) deformation than other constructs. Whereas standard ILN constructs had slack in both modes, ILNn and br-DCP construct deformations consistently occurred without slack.
Conclusions— Use of bolts rather than screws improved ILN mechanical behavior, but neither locking mechanism completely counteracted torsion and bending forces. Conversely, the ILNn angle-stable locking system eliminated torsional and bending slack, resulting in comparable mechanical performances between ILNn and plated constructs.
Clinical Relevance— The angle-stable locking mechanism of the new ILN eliminates all slack in the system; thus, interfragmentary motion will likely be reduced compared with standard ILN, which may improve the local environment for fracture healing. 相似文献
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Modestine Raliniaina Damien F. Meyer Valérie Pinarello Christian Sheikboudou Loic Emboulé Yane Kandassamy Hassane Adakal Frédéric Stachurski Dominique Martinez Thierry Lefrançois Nathalie Vachiéry 《Veterinary parasitology》2010,167(2-4):187-195
Understanding bacterial genetic diversity is crucial to comprehend pathogenesis. Ehrlichia ruminantium (E. ruminantium), a tick-transmitted intracellular bacterial pathogen, causes heartwater disease in ruminants. This model rickettsia, whose genome has been recently sequenced, is restricted to neutrophils and reticulo-endothelial cells of its mammalian host and to the midgut and salivary glands of its vector tick. E. ruminantium harbors a multigene family encoding for 16 outer membrane proteins including MAP1, a major antigenic protein. All the 16 map paralogs are expressed in bovine endothelial cells and some are specifically translated in the tick or in the mammalian host.In this study, we carried out phylogenetic analyses of E. ruminantium using sequences of 6 MAP proteins, MAP1, MAP1-2, MAP1-6, MAP1-5, MAP1+1 and MAP1-14, localized either in the center or at the borders of the map genes cluster.We show that (i) map1 gene is a good tool to characterize the genetic diversity among Africa, Caribbean islands and Madagascar strains including new emerging isolates of E. ruminantium; (ii) the different map paralogs define different genotypes showing divergent evolution; (iii) there is no correlation between all MAP genotypes and the geographic origins of the strains; (iv) The genetic diversity revealed by MAP proteins is conserved whatever is the scale of strains sampling (village, region, continent) and thus was not related to the different timing of strains introduction, i.e. continuous introduction of strains versus punctual introduction (Africa versus Caribbean islands).These results provide therefore a significant advance towards the management of E. ruminantium diversity. The differential evolution of these paralogs suggests specific roles of these proteins in host–vector–pathogen interactions that could be crucial for developing broad-spectrum vaccines. 相似文献
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Establishment of reference values of the caudal vena cava by fast‐ultrasonography through different views in healthy dogs
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Short‐Term Efficacy and Safety of Torasemide and Furosemide in 366 Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: The TEST Study
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Valérie Chetboul Cécile Damoiseaux Camille Poissonnier Marie Lavennes Sandrine Bertrand Nicolas Borenstein Luc Behr Jean-Louis Pouchelon Vassiliki Gouni Loïc Desquilbet 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(6):405-414