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排序方式: 共有51条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Christiane von der Ohe Victoria Gauthier Lily Tamburic-Ilincic Anita Brule-Babel W. G. Dilantha Fernando Randy Clear Todd J. Ward Thomas Miedaner 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(3):407-417
Twenty four isolates of Fusarium graminearum, half of which were 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and half 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) chemotypes, were tested for
their ability to produce deoxynivalenol and to cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) in spring wheat cultivars. The objectives
of this study were to determine (1) whether 3-ADON isolates differ in aggressiveness, as measured by the FHB index, and DON
production from 15-ADON isolates under field conditions, and (2) whether the performance of resistant host cultivars was stable
across isolates. Field tests of all isolates were conducted with three replicates at each of two locations in Canada and Germany
in 2008 with three host genotypes differing in FHB resistance level. The resistant host genotype showed resistance regardless
of the chemotype or location. The differences between mean FHB indices of 3-ADON and 15-ADON isolates were not significant
for any wheat genotype. In contrast, average DON production by the 3-ADON isolates (10.44 mg kg−1) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than for the 15-ADON isolates (6.95 mg kg−1) at three of the four locations where moderately resistant lines were tested, and at both locations where susceptible lines
were evaluated. These results indicate that 3-ADON isolates could pose a greater risk to food safety. However, as the mean
aggressiveness and DON production of 3-ADON and 15-ADON chemotypes was similar on highly resistant lines, breeding and use
of highly resistant lines is still the most effective measure of reducing the risks associated with DON in wheat. 相似文献
2.
Miriam S Martin Michael D Kleinhenz Lily N Edwards-Callaway Terry E Engle Octavio Guimaraes David W Schafer Shawnee R Montgomery Andrew K Curtis Mikaela M Weeder Devin R Jacobs Johann F Coetzee 《Journal of animal science》2022,100(3)
Hot-iron branding uses thermal injury to permanently identify cattle causing painful tissue damage. The primary objective was to examine the physiological and behavioral effects of oral meloxicam (MEL), compared to a control, administered at the time of hot-iron branding in Angus and Hereford steers and heifers. The secondary objectives were to investigate breed and sex effects on pain biomarkers. A total of 70 yearlings, consisting of 35 heifers and 35 steers (Angus, Hereford, or Angus × Hereford), were enrolled in the study. Animals were blocked by sex, randomized across weight, and assigned to receive MEL (1 mg/kg) or a placebo (CON). Biomarkers were assessed for 48 h after branding and included infrared thermography (IRT), mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT), accelerometry and a visual analog scale (VAS), and serum cortisol and prostaglandin E2 metabolites (PGEM). Wound healing was assessed for 12 wk. Hair samples to quantify cortisol levels were taken prior to and 30 d post-branding. Responses were analyzed using repeated measures with calf nested in treatment as a random effect, and treatment, time, treatment by time interaction, breed, and sex as fixed effects. There was a treatment by time interaction for PGEM (P < 0.01) with MEL having lower values than CON at 6, 24, and 48 h (MEL: 18.34 ± 3.52, 19.61 ± 3.48, and 22.24 ± 3.48 pg/mL, respectively; CON: 32.57 ± 3.58, 37.00 ± 3.52, and 33.07 ± 3.48 pg/mL; P < 0.01). MEL showed less of a difference in maximum IRT values between the branded (2.27 ± 0.29 °C) and control site (3.15 ± 0.29 °C; P < 0.01). MEL took fewer lying bouts at 0–12 h (4.91 bouts ± 0.56) compared with CON (6.87 bouts ± 0.55; P < 0.01). Compared with Hereford calves, Angus calves exhibited greater serum but lower hair cortisol, greater PGEM, more lying bouts, and less healed wound scores at 3, 4, and 5 wk. Compared with heifers, steers exhibited lower PGEM, lower branding site and ocular IRT, higher MNT, and lower plasma meloxicam levels. Steers spent more time lying, took more lying bouts and had greater VAS pain, and more healed wound scores at 5 wk than heifers. Meloxicam administration at branding reduced branding and control site temperature differences and reduced lying bouts for the first 12 h. Breed and sex effects were observed across many biomarkers. Changes from baseline values for IRT, MNT, lying time, step count, VAS pain, and wound scoring all support that branding cattle is painful. 相似文献
3.
Preplanting application of phenolic compounds, p-hydroxybenzoic acid p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid, in most cases promoted auxin-induced rooting on cuttings of mango, a difficult-to-root fruit plant. The ethylene-releasing chemical CEPA (ethrel, ethephon) also stimulated rooting in the presence of auxins. Synergism was more pronounced in the presence of IBA than with IAA. To a certain extent, root-promoting effects of auxins and non-auxin chemicals were related to the utilization of carbohydrate fractions from the region of root formation. Utilization of reserve polysaccharides assumed greater importance only during the root-development phase. 相似文献
4.
油菜种质资源的繁种、鉴定和利用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文综述了“七五’期间油菜种质资源的研究概况,对我国油菜资源的分布、类型及特征特性进行了较详细介绍,通过鉴定,初步筛选出抗(耐)病及优质资源283份。抗病资源主要分布于中国西部及云贵高原,多为地方品种,但少数为甘蓝型育成品种(系)或引进材料,高含油量资源主要分布于春油菜区。低芥酸资源主要是国外引进材料及由此而选育的品种(系)。部分优异资源在油菜生产及育种中得到了广泛利用。 相似文献
5.
S Naik N Bouladoux C Wilhelm MJ Molloy R Salcedo W Kastenmuller C Deming M Quinones L Koo S Conlan S Spencer JA Hall A Dzutsev H Kong DJ Campbell G Trinchieri JA Segre Y Belkaid 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1115-1119
Intestinal commensal bacteria induce protective and regulatory responses that maintain host-microbial mutualism. However, the contribution of tissue-resident commensals to immunity and inflammation at other barrier sites has not been addressed. We found that in mice, the skin microbiota have an autonomous role in controlling the local inflammatory milieu and tuning resident T lymphocyte function. Protective immunity to a cutaneous pathogen was found to be critically dependent on the skin microbiota but not the gut microbiota. Furthermore, skin commensals tuned the function of local T cells in a manner dependent on signaling downstream of the interleukin-1 receptor. These findings underscore the importance of the microbiota as a distinctive feature of tissue compartmentalization, and provide insight into mechanisms of immune system regulation by resident commensal niches in health and disease. 相似文献
6.
The ability to select a better option from multiple acceptable ones is important for animals to optimize their resources. The mechanisms that underlie such decision-making processes are not well understood. We found that selection of egg-laying site in Drosophila melanogaster is a suitable system to probe the neural circuit that governs simple decision-making processes. First, Drosophila females pursue active probing of the environment before depositing each egg, apparently to evaluate site quality for every egg. Second, Drosophila females can either accept or reject a sucrose-containing medium, depending on the context. Last, communication of the "acceptability" of the sucrose-containing medium as an egg-laying option to the reproductive system depends on the function of a group of insulin-like peptide 7 (ILP7)-producing neurons. These findings suggest that selection of egg-laying site involves a simple decision-making process and provide an entry point toward a systematic dissection of this process. 相似文献
7.
8.
Yu Cheng Zhu Jian‐Zhong Sun Lily Li Luo Xiaofen Fanny Liu Karmen Christeen Lee Eldon J Mallette Craig A Abel 《Pest management science》2010,66(6):612-620
BACKGROUND: Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki was accidentally introduced into the United States from Asia. The introduction of the pest has brought significant economic consequences. During the past decade, Mississippi has become a significantly infested state, partly due to the proximity to coastal port cities such as New Orleans. This study was initiated to investigate the origin and infestation route of C. formosanus in southern Mississippi. RESULTS: Twenty‐eight colonies (21 colonies from Mississippi, six from Louisiana, one from China) were collected. Sequencing and analysis of 112 sequences revealed 15 haplotypes of cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene in the world. Two haplotypes of COII were identified in Mississippi. In addition, specific primers were designed and tested differentially to amplify characteristic fragments for verifying and surveying different genotypes of C. formosanus in the future. CONCLUSION: Of the two haplotypes identified in Mississippi, the GA group was identical to those reported previously in Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama and other infested states. The second haplotype, the AT group, was identified for the first time in southeastern United States. Sequence identity of the AT‐group C. formosanus with those reported mainly in southeastern Asian countries provided evidence of at least two introductions of C. formosanus into the United States. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
9.
球根花卉之一百合,以其球根鳞片组织为外植体进行诱导培养,经过多组合培养基对比试验,筛选出各培养阶段最适宜的培养基:诱导分化,MS 6BA3.0mg/L NAA0.2 mg/L;继代增殖,MS 6BA3.0 mg/L IAA0.1mg/L;生根培养,1/2MS IAA2.0 mg/L. 相似文献
10.
Li Kehu Wang Lily Yan Ren Huanhuan Ge Yongyi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(7):2331-2344
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - The USDA rice mini-core collection was established to capture the diversity of an entire collection of over 18,700 accessions of global origins for efficient... 相似文献