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Minimal Set of Metabolic Pathways Suggested from the Genome of Onion Yellows Phytoplasma 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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In a previous study, we developed male sterile lines of Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) possessing the cytoplasm of a wild species, A. galanthum Kar. et Kir., by backcrossing. To evaluate seed productivity of the male sterile lines in practise, they were crossed with the male fertile line, cultivar 'Kujyo', using honeybees as pollinators under field conditions. The number of florets and seeds per inflorescence, seed set and seed germination of the material were investigated. Although variation was observed among the male sterile lines, there were several lines having seed productivity equal to cultivar 'Kujyo'. Our data demonstrate that the male sterile lines of A. fistulosum possessing the cytoplasm of A. galanthum are useful as seed parents for the commercial F seed production of A. fistulosum. 相似文献
3.
Jun Ohnishi Toshio Kitamura Fumihiro Terami Ken-ichiro Honda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(1):54-59
The ability of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci to transmit two strains of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, the Israel and Mild strains, was studied after serial transfers of individual whiteflies that were viruliferous for both
strains to tomato plants. After single whiteflies had successive acquisition feedings first on a single plant infected with
one strain and then on a plant infected with the other strain, the single whiteflies later transmitted intermittently one,
the other, or both strains to the test plants during serial transfers at 1-day intervals. Because both strains were found
in the head, abdomen, and legs dissected from whiteflies during the retention period after the two successive acquisition
feedings, both strains apparently circulate from midgut cells to salivary glands through the hemolymph. 相似文献
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Jun Ohnishi Toshio Kitamura Fumihiro Terami Ken-ichiro Honda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(2):131-139
We studied the presence of a potential transmission barrier that blocks Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in the nonvector greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Because T. vaporariorum can ingest and retain the virus after acquisition feeding on an infected plant, comparable to the vector whitefly Bemisia tabaci, circumstance evidence suggested that a transmission barrier presents at location(s) where the virus moves from the digestive
tract lumen to the hemolymph. To provide direct evidence for the site of a transmission barrier in the nonvector insect, we
compared the accumulation levels and localization of the virus between the two species of whiteflies. Quantitative real-time
and conventional PCR analysis showed that accumulation of the virus during acquisition feeding and retention after a short
acquisition period were indistinguishable between the two species, but the circulation of the virus within the whiteflies
differed significantly between the species. In an immunofluorescence analysis using an antibody specific to the coat protein
of the virus, the virus was restricted to the luminal surface of the midgut epithelial cells and did not enter their cytoplasm
or that of the salivary glands in T. vaporariorum. In contrast, the virus was localized within the cytoplasm of the midgut epithelial cells and in the paired salivary glands
of B. tabaci adults. This direct evidence shows that a selective transmission barrier at the luminal membrane surface of midgut epithelial
cells in the nonvector whitefly blocks entrance of the virus into the midgut epithelial cells, resulting in incompetence as
a vector of the virus. 相似文献
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Ken-ichiro Yamashita Hikaru Tsukazaki Akio Kojima Takayoshi Ohara Tadayuki Wako 《Euphytica》2010,173(3):357-367
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an indispensable trait for F1 hybrid seed production in bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.). Expansion of the cytoplasmic diversity of F1 hybrid cultivars by introduction of various CMS resources has great potential to eliminate vulnerability to cytoplasm type-specific
diseases. This study aimed to evaluate appearance frequency of male sterile plants in several bunching onion accessions and
to identify CMS resources. In eight (‘Nogiwa Aigara’, ‘Bansei Hanegi’, ‘Amarume’, ‘Kimnung’, ‘Zhangqiu’, ‘INT/CHN/1990/GOTOU’,
‘Natsunegi’ and ‘Guangzhou’) of 135 accessions collected from Japan, China, Mongolia, Korea and Taiwan, male sterile plants
appeared with varied frequencies from 1.7% (‘Nogiwa Aigara’ and ‘Bansei Hanegi’) to 24.5% (‘Zhangqiu’). The inheritance mode
of Zhangqiu- and Guangzhou-derived male sterility was confirmed to be CMS by sib-crossings and interbreed crossings. Microscopic
examination of microsporogenesis in the CMS plants revealed that microspore protoplasm rapidly degenerated without mitotic
division after the release of microspores from tetrads. The CMS germplasm described here would be useful for the development
of “A” lines to be used in F1 hybrid seed production of bunching onion. Male fertility in ‘Nogiwa Aigara’, ‘Bansei Hanegi’, ‘Kimnung’, ‘INT/CHN/1990/GOTOU’
and ‘Natsunegi’ was verified to be controlled by a single fertility restoration locus. 相似文献
9.
Pseudostems of bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) show wide variation in morphological traits and skin color. However, despite being one of the most important agronomic traits, molecular studies of bunching onion pseudostems remain limited. In this study, six morphological traits (plant height, leaf length, pseudostem length, leaf width, pseudostem width and number of leaf sheaths) along with pseudostem pigmentation indices were evaluated in two field trials using an F2:3 population derived from a single F1 cross between a white single pseudostem (non-tillering) and a red tillering bunching onion. Plant height was highly correlated with both leaf length and pseudostem length, but not the number of leaf sheaths. In contrast, the number of leaf sheaths was significantly negatively correlated with both leaf width and pseudostem width. A total of 27 QTLs for the six morphological traits were detected in 16 regions of 11 linkage groups, with a major QTL for the number of leaf sheaths repeatedly detected on Chr. 8. Meanwhile, two QTLs associated with pseudostem pigmentation were repeatedly detected on linkage groups Chr. 4a and Chr. 5a-2. The latter (qPig5a-2) was considered a major QTL, and its location estimated by marker genotyping of the F2 population around the qPig5a-2 region as being within a 7.6 cM interval. 相似文献
10.
Hayashida K Kaneko T Takeuchi T Shimizu H Ando K Harada E 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(2):149-154
Lactoferrin (LF) is a ubiquitous protein which exists in milk, plasma, synovial fluids, cerebrospinal fluid and other biological fluids. LF is also well known as a natural immunomodulator. Recently, we found that bovine milk-derived LF (BLF) produced micro-opioid receptor-mediated analgesia. In this study, we examined whether oral administration of BLF causes anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, and also whether it modulates LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-10 production in rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rat adjuvant arthritis. BLF was administrated once daily, starting 3 hr before (preventive experiment) or 19 days after (therapeutic experiment) adjuvant injection. In both experiments, BLF suppressed the development of arthritis and the hyperalgesia in the adjuvant-injected paw. The single-administered BLF produced a dose-dependent analgesia, which was reversed by naloxone, in the adjuvant arthritis rats. Both repeated and single administration of BLF suppressed TNF-alpha production and increased IL-10 production in the LPS-stimulated adjuvant arthritis rats. These results suggest that orally administered BLF has both preventive and therapeutic effects on the development of adjuvant-induced inflammation and pain. Moreover, the immunomodulatory properties of BLF, such as down-regulation of TNF-alpha and up-regulation of IL-10, could be beneficial in the treatment of RA. Thus, we concluded that LF can be safely used as a natural drug for RA patients suffering from joint pain. 相似文献