微波解冻与午餐肉罐头的生产

详述了首次在国内午餐肉罐头生产中采用的微波解冻系统科技成果的实施情况、系统操作与安全控制特点以及运行条件。探讨微波解冻技术支持下,无亚硝酸钠午餐肉罐头的生产工艺原理及其品质卓越的原因。     

钢辊式圆捆打捆机结构改进与试验

为解决小型钢辊式圆捆捡拾打捆机秸草打捆时的堵塞问题,对其结构进行了改进试验。在试验中,采用了增加喂入单辊、喂入对辊结构,并对其喂入能力、可靠性指标进行了测定。经过结构改进试验,得出配有喂入对辊（上辊沿轴向配置高19.5mm、直径160mm、间距48mm圆环,下辊直径160mm、沿周向配置高6.5mm横板）的钢辊式圆捆打捆机可较好地解决秸草打捆中的堵塞问题,并能扩大其适用范围,提高其工作性能和工作可靠性。     

杉木根、枝和叶的C、N、P生态化学计量特征

以湖南会同杉木基地Ⅲ号集水区25年生杉木人工林为研究对象,测定1月份杉木根、枝和叶的C、N、P含量,研究其C、N、P生态化学计量特征。结果表明:杉木根、枝和叶中C含量平均值分别为561.04、515.93、513.56 g/kg,表现为根枝叶;N含量平均值分别为6.86、8.78、7.97 g/kg,表现为枝叶根;P含量平均值分别为1.45、0.71、1.54 g/kg,表现为叶根枝。根的C∶N、C∶P、N∶P的平均值分别为92.50、521.72、5.29;枝的C∶N、C∶P、N∶P的平均值分别为65.17、789.82、12.46;叶的C∶N、C∶P、N∶P的平均值分别为69.31、355.56、5.53。叶的C含量和枝的呈显著正相关;叶的N含量和枝的呈极显著正相关;叶的N含量和根的呈极显著正相关;P的含量在根、枝和叶之间均呈显著正相关。     

锡林郭勒草原不同植被类型的土壤水分特性

根据压力膜仪测得土壤水分特征曲线,分析了锡林郭勒草原4种植被类型下0～50cm土层的土壤水分特性.结果表明:在中、低吸力段(＜1.5MPa)土壤水吸力与土壤含水量之间存在显著相关关系,且各植被类型不同土层的曲线形状和变化趋势基本相同.4种植被类型下,土壤有效水含量、土壤持水能力和土壤供水能力呈现出多伦克氏针茅草原＞锡林浩特羊草草原＞东乌珠穆沁大针茅草原＞多伦农田.在多伦克氏针茅草原、锡林浩特羊草草原和多伦农田,随着土层深度的加深,土壤质地逐渐变粗,土壤有效水含量、土壤持水能力和土壤供水能力逐渐减小;在东乌珠穆沁大针茅草原,随着土层深度的加深,土壤机械组成先变粗后变细,在20～30cm质地最粗,土壤有效水含量、土壤持水能力和土壤供水能力先减小后增大.     

冬瓜果肉叶绿素含量遗传分析

对冬瓜果肉叶绿素含量遗传规律进行分析,以期为冬瓜果肉颜色控制基因的挖掘和果肉颜色的改良育种奠定基础。以冬瓜果肉白色纯化自交系(LT-1)为P₁,果肉绿色纯化自交系(LT-2)为P₂,构建四代遗传群体(P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂),利用主基因+多基因混合模型的遗传分析方法,通过分析主基因和多基因对冬瓜果肉种的叶绿素含量影响,探究冬瓜果肉叶绿素含量的遗传规律。结果表明,冬瓜果肉中叶绿素含量是由2对加性—显性—上位性主基因+加性显性多基因遗传模型调控,F₂分离群体中的主效基因遗传率为82.0696%,第一对主基因的加性效应d_a为-1.477,显性效应h_a为-1.465,且显性度h_a/d_a接近1,第二对主基因的加性效应d_b和显性效应h_b分别为-0.835、-0.715,显性度h_a/d_a...     

光肩星天牛对损伤后复叶槭植株的行为反应

该文利用Y型玻璃嗅觉测定仪对光肩星天牛的趋性行为进行了研究 .诱源为受不同机械损伤和天牛咬食损伤处理后不同时间内整体复叶槭植株释放的挥发物 .结果表明 ,正常条件下生长的复叶槭对光肩星天牛具有明显的引诱作用 ,但经机械刻伤复叶槭木质部及损伤叶片、或天牛咬食复叶槭后 ,随着处理时间的增加 ,复叶槭对光肩星天牛的引诱作用逐渐减弱 ,驱避作用逐渐增强 .在咬食创伤 2 4h后复叶槭挥发物对天牛的驱避作用达到了差异显著的程度 ,48h后达到最大值 ,72h后驱避作用明显降低 .而叶片损伤处理 4h时 ,复叶槭就表现出较强的驱避作用 ;木质部刻伤引起的驱避作用则要于 4h后才出现 .     

Extraction of rice-planting area and identification of chilling damage by remote sensing technology: a case study of the emerging rice production region in high latitude

Rice is the second largest staple crop in the world and therefore plays an important role in food security. As a thermophilic crop, rice is sensitive to temperature changes. Thus, research on the chilling damage of rice is essential. The Sanjiang Plain is an emerging rice production area and is located at high latitudes in China, the world’s largest rice-producing country. Landsat data were used to extract rice-planting area from 1985 to 2015. MODIS 13Q1, which was uniformly distributed during the growing period of rice, was used to obtain NDVI values of paddies during 2002–2015. Dynamic Identification Index of sterile-type chilling damage and monitoring standard of delayed-type chilling damage were the proposed methods used in this paper, which were used to judge the chilling damage of rice. The results show that in the study region, the rice-planting area in 2015 is nearly 12 times larger than that in 1985. Delayed-type chilling damage occurred in 2002 and 2009, while sterile-type chilling damage occurred in 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2014, and 2015. Comparing with the prevalent meteorological standards, the results indicate that the index and standards proposed in this paper are precise, applicable, and more sensitive than them. The method is a macroscopic and accurate method to identify chilling damage in rice and can also provide a scientific basis to ensuring the stability of rice yield.     

光肩星天牛对干旱胁迫下复叶槭挥发物的嗅觉反应

对干旱胁迫下3a生复叶槭的挥发物进行了鉴定。当复叶槭受到干旱胁迫时，9种化合物释放量升高(包括：丁醇、戊醇、反—2—己烯—1—醛、顺—3—己烯—1—醇、戊醛、戊酸、己醛、己酸、苯乙酮)，而长叶烯释放量降低：复叶槭复水后苯乙酮升高，但其他挥发物释放量降低。通过GC—EAD检测了光肩星天牛对其中某些化合物的触角电位反应，并使用诱捕器和人工合成单体进行了田间生测实验。丁醇、戊醇和顺—3—己烯—1—醇能引起光肩星天牛的触角反应，这一结果在田间实验中得到了证实。这表明干旱胁迫在光肩星天牛选择寄主植物方面起着重要作用。     

Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Adult Anoplophom glabripennis (Motschulsky) to Volatile Components of Host-Plant

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult A. glabripennis (Motsch.) to volatiles from ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. Measurable electroantennogram (BAG) responses were elicited to all compounds tested, the most effective antennal stimulants were trans-2-hexen-1-al,decyl aldehyde and trans-2-hexenl-ol.These profiles were similar between males and females. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, above three compounds with certain concentration, trans-2-hexen-l-al (1%), trans-2-hexen-l-ol (1%) and decyl aldehyde (10%), were significantly attractive to the adults in laboratory. The results show that either BAG or olfactory responding to a particular volatile compound are markedly influenced by the concentration.