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Sabine Augustin Jan Evers Hans-Peter Dietrich Johannes Eichhorn Thomas Haussmann Regina Icke Ansgar Isenberg Wolfgang Lux Monica Musio Hans Pretzsch Winfried Riek Thomas Rötzer Bernd Schultze Andreas Schulze Jörg Schröder Walter Seidling Nicole Wellbrock Klaus von Wilpert Barbara Wolff 《European Journal of Forest Research》2005,124(4):251-260
In the 1970s unexpected forest damages, called “new type of forest damage” or “forest decline”, were observed in Germany and
other European countries. The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Federal States implemented a forest monitoring system
in the early 1980s, in order to monitor and assess the forest condition. Due to the growing public awareness of possible adverse
effects of air pollution on forests, in 1985 the ICP Forests was launched under the convention on long-range transboundary
air pollution (CLRTAP) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE). The German experience in forest monitoring
was a base for the implementation of the European monitoring system. In 2001 the interdisciplinary case study “concept and
feasibility study for the integrated evaluation of environmental monitoring data in forests”, funded by the German Federal
Ministry of Education and Research, concentrated on in-depths evaluations of the German data of forest monitoring. The objectives
of the study were: (a) a reliable assessment of the vitality and functioning of forest ecosystems, (b) the identification
and quantification of factors influencing forest vitality, and (c) the clarification of cause-effect-relationships leading
to leaf/needle loss. For these purposes additional data from external sources were acquired: climate and deposition, for selected
level I plots tree growth data, as well as data on groundwater quality. The results show that in particular time series analysis
(crown condition, tree growth, and tree ring analysis), in combination with climate and deposition are valuable and informative,
as well as integrated evaluation of soil, tree nutrition and crown condition data. Methods to combine information from the
extensive and the intensive monitoring, and to transfer process information to the large scale should be elaborated in future.
相似文献
Sabine AugustinEmail: |
3.
Kinzel S Hein S Stopinski T Koch J Buecker A Treusacher HP Schmachtenberg A Jansen T Eble M Küpper W 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(3-4):134-138
This study describes the experience with hypofractionated radiation therapy of squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma in dogs and cats. A total dose of 32-48 Gray (Gy) was delivered once a week in 8 Gy fractions. 34 animals in which a complete surgical excision was impossible were treated. There was no tumor detectable macroscopically in 14 patients at the beginning of radiation therapy. In 20 animals the median volume of the tumor was 9.9 cm3. The median survival times and the local tumor control of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral and nasal cavities and of the body are comparable to results which were reached with a Monday-Wednesday-Friday scheme. For the treatment of Melanoma the hypofractionated radiation therapy is first choice. There are no significant side effects. Late side effects did not occur. 88% of the owners are satisfied with this kind of treatment and would choose it again. 相似文献
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Summary There is an increasing number of stability parameters for genotypes grown in different environments. It is therefore useful to study the statistical relations between these parameters. One approach is the calculation of rank correlations between different stability parameters in empirical data sets. In the data analysed there are high rank correlations between ecovalence Wi, deviation mean square s2
di, the nonparametric measures Si
(1), Si
(2), and two new measures Ri and Li as well as between environmental variance S2
xi and regression coefficient bi. The results suggest that Si
(1), Si
(2), Li, and Ri can be used as alternatives to Wi and the stability variance 2
i. This may be worthwhile, if certain statistical assumptions do not hold, particularly if significance testing is needed. 相似文献
6.
Mixed modelling for QTL × environment interaction analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Phenotypic data for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies are typically generated at multiple environments in order
to broaden the inference space. Many aspects of the usually complex design call for a mixed modelling approach taking into
account various sources of variation, e.g., incomplete blocks, a spatial error structure, genetic correlations due to the
pedigree, and random environmental effects, including QTL × E interaction. Perhaps the most important source of random variation
is the genetic correlation across environment, which arises when the same set of lines is tested in each environment. This
correlation is likely to be positive, and ignoring it will lead to an increased rate of false positives. In this paper, we
present a mixed modelling framework for QTL mapping based on complex data from multiple environments. Our main focus is on
an appropriate modelling for the non-QTL part. The methodology will be illustrated using a barley data set from a BC2F2:5 advanced backcross trial.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Armitage SJ Jasim SA Marks AE Parker AG Usik VI Uerpmann HP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6016):453-456
The timing of the dispersal of anatomically modern humans (AMH) out of Africa is a fundamental question in human evolutionary studies. Existing data suggest a rapid coastal exodus via the Indian Ocean rim around 60,000 years ago. We present evidence from Jebel Faya, United Arab Emirates, demonstrating human presence in eastern Arabia during the last interglacial. The tool kit found at Jebel Faya has affinities to the late Middle Stone Age in northeast Africa, indicating that technological innovation was not necessary to facilitate migration into Arabia. Instead, we propose that low eustatic sea level and increased rainfall during the transition between marine isotope stages 6 and 5 allowed humans to populate Arabia. This evidence implies that AMH may have been present in South Asia before the Toba eruption. 相似文献
8.
Conception soil maps for urban areas The demand for soil maps increased strongly during the last years. This concerns urban soils, too. Conception soil maps constructed from a lot of basic informations (basic maps and point data) are the alternative to traditional soil mapping, which is expensive in time and money for urban areas. Further informations are to evaluate maps from these conception soil maps. Using graphic information-systems is advantageous for construction and evaluation. 相似文献
9.
Hans-Peter Rusterholz Sylvain Ursenbacher Armin Coray Urs Weibel Bruno Baur 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)
The sampling of living insects should be avoided in highly endangered species when the sampling would further increase the risk of population extinction. Nonlethal sampling (wing clips or leg removals) can be an alternative to obtain DNA of individuals for population genetic studies. However, nonlethal sampling may not be possible for all insect species. We examined whether remnants of traffic-killed specimens of the endangered and protected flighless longhorn beetle Iberodorcadion fuliginator (L., 1758) can be used as a resource for population genetic analyses. Using insect fragments of traffic-killed specimens collected over 15 yr, we determined the most efficient DNA extraction method in relation to the state of the specimens (crushed, fragment, or intact), preservation (dried, airtight, or in ethanol), storage duration, and weight of the sample by assessing the quantity and quality of genomic DNA. A modified cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide method provided the highest recovery rate of genomic DNA and the largest yield and highest quality of DNA. We further used traffic-killed specimens to evaluate two DNA amplification techniques (quantitative polymerase chain reaction [qPCR] and microsatellites). Both qPCR and microsatellites revealed successful DNA amplification in all degraded specimens or beetle fragments examined. However, relative qPCR concentration and peak height of microsatellites were affected by the state of specimen and storage duration but not by specimen weight. Our investigation demonstrates that degraded remnants of traffic-killed beetle specimens can serve as a source of high-quality genomic DNA, which allows to address conservation genetic issues. 相似文献
10.
The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) is frequently used to combine multiple observations of disease progress into a single value. However, our analysis shows that this approach severely underestimates the effect of the first and last observation. To get a better estimate of disease progress, we have developed a new formula termed the area under the disease progress stairs (AUDPS). The AUDPS approach improves the estimation of disease progress by giving a weight closer to optimal to the first and last observations. Analysis of real data indicates that AUDPS outperforms AUDPC in most of the tested trials and may be less precise than AUDPC only when assessments in the first or last observations have a comparatively large variance. We propose using AUDPS and its standardized (sAUDPS) and relative (rAUDPS) forms when combining multiple observations from disease progress experiments into a single value. 相似文献