Studies on the chiral isomers of fonofos and fonofos oxon: II. In vitro metabolism

The in vitro metabolism of the chiral isomers of fonofos and fonofos oxon in the presence of mouse liver mixed-function oxidase and serum esterase was investigated. The metabolism of ³⁵S-labeled phenyl-(S)_P-fonofos mediated by mixed-function oxidase took place stereoselectively, resulting predominantly in (R)_P-fonofos oxon. Similarly, (R)_P-fonofos was converted to (S)_P-oxon. In each case, however, a significant amount of racemization occurred. Other products were diphenyl disulfide and diphenyl disulfide oxide. In addition to stereospecificity, the oxidative metabolism of (R)_P-fonofos proceeded at a rate faster than that of (S)_P-fonofos. Stereoselective rate differences also were observed in mouse or rat serum-catalzyed degradation of the fonofos oxon enantiomers, the (S)_P isomer being degraded about twofold faster than its enantiomer. The differences in toxicities of the isomers of fonofos and fonofos oxon were consistent with the in vitro metabolism data.     

菜豆萎蔫病菌的血清检测鉴定技术研究

本研究对我国一类检疫性有害生物菜豆萎蔫病菌（Ｃｕｒｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｆｌａｃｕｍｆａ－ｃｉｅｎｓｐｖ．ｆｌａｃｕｍｆａｃｉｅｎｓ，Ｃｆ）进行血清检测鉴定技术的研究。试验中制备了抗Ｃｆ的血清，应用抗００２０，０２３７，０２３８菌株的抗血清及其ＦＩＴＣ标记的抗体进行间接和直接免疫荧光染色试验（ＩＦ／ＩＦ）。通过对１９个Ｃｆ菌株和其它６个属１４个种的植物病原细菌２０个菌株的测定，结果发现约５０％的Ｃｆ菌株为强阳性反应，且与Ｃｆ种下致病变种也有强阳性交叉反应。由于单个血清检测易产生假阴性反应，故将三种血清１∶１∶１混合后进行ＩＦ试验，结果表明与所有的Ｃｆ菌株反应，且与Ｒｆａ和Ｃｍｔ有弱阳性反应。对含１０４～１０７ｃｆｕ／ｍｌ细菌及３０ｇ种子含１粒人工接种种子的种子抽提液均能检测到典型的阳性细胞，血清检测的灵敏度为４．５×１０４ｃｆｕ／ｍｌ，可用于种子的检测。本研究还进行了初步的免疫荧光菌落染色（ＩＦＣ）试验     

高校数字图书馆著作权合理使用的相关问题

数字技术和网络环境改变了高校图书馆的传统服务模式,同时也给著作权合理使用制度带来新的挑战。探讨在网络环境下,如何正确对待及适应国家乃至国际上对著作权的相关法律规定。完善著作权在高棱数字图书馆的合理使用。     

Intra-specific variation and inheritance of BYDV-PAV transmission in the aphid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sitobion avenae</Emphasis>

Vector efficiency of 44 clonal lines (clones) of Sitobion avenae belonging to 31 different genotypes (distinct patterns for five microsatellite loci) originating from Western France was evaluated by transmitting the isolate PAV4 of BYDV-PAV to barley seedlings. Variation in transmission rates from 3.7% to 92.5% was observed, with significant effects of the aphid clone, of the plant species on which clones were collected, and of the reproductive mode of the clones. When genotypes are considered instead of clones, a continuum in transmission rates was observed. A subset of S. avenae clones was tested for transmission of one (10 clones) and 13 (4 clones) other BYDV-PAV isolates, and a clear clone effect modulated by an isolate effect was observed. Crosses were made between clones with different vectoring phenotypes and their F1 progeny were tested for PAV4 transmission. The narrow sense heritability of the PAV transmission character was rather high in the F1 families (h²=0.5) and the segregation analyses suggested an oligo/polygenic determinism of this character. The possibility of generating new transmission variants by sexual reproduction and its consequences on transmission mechanism studies and on BYD epidemics are discussed.     

宁夏荒漠草原植物群落的空间异质性

荒漠草原植被最显著的特点是植物种类贫乏,几乎全部为旱生种类,且空间异质性强,植物与自然环境之间的联系密切,小地形的差异势必会造成植物群落物种多样性的变化及其在不同尺度上的空间异质性。本研究于2011年9月在宁夏盐池县试验区封育10年的荒漠草原围栏内,采用样线取样法在坡面尺度上调查不同坡位上草地群落的空间分异,分析微地形条件对荒漠草原植物群落空间异质性的影响。结果表明,植物群落的空间变异性在不同坡向及不同坡位间存在差异;矮小半灌木功能群在空间上的分布斑块化最明显,多年生草本功能群次之,一年生草本功能群在阴坡上的分布斑块化程度较高,在阳坡上其斑块性明显下降;在草地植物群落恢复演替的进程中,多年生草本植物已发展到相对稳定的程度,矮小半灌木处于增长期,一年生草本植物在阴坡的增长大于阳坡。     

Association between quantitative bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and antibiotic requirement in dogs with lower respiratory tract signs

BackgroundHistorically, positive bacterial cultures from the lower respiratory tract (LRT) have been considered clinically relevant when quantitative bacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were >1700 colony forming units (cfu)/mL. However, this threshold might not accurately predict a requirement for antibiotics.ObjectivesTo study whether quantitative BALF bacterial culture results were predictive of antibiotic requirement in dogs with LRT signs.AnimalsThirty‐three client‐owned dogs.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Dogs with positive quantitative bacterial culture of BALF were included. Dogs were divided into 2 groups, depending on whether they had a LRT infection requiring antibiotics (LRTI‐RA) or LRT disease not requiring antibiotics (LRTD‐NRA), based on thoracic imaging features, presence of intracellular bacteria on BALF cytology, and response to treatment. Predictive effect of cfu/mL and BALF total nucleated cell count (TNCC) on antibiotic requirement, adjusting for ongoing or prior antibiotic therapy and age, were studied using logistic regression.ResultsTwenty‐two and 11 dogs were included in the LRTI‐RA and LRTD‐NRA groups, respectively. The cfu/mL was not significantly predictive of antibiotic requirement, independent of ongoing or prior antibiotic treatment and age (LRTI‐RA: median, 10 000 cfu/mL; range, 10‐3 × 10⁸; LRTD‐NRA: median, 10  000 cfu/mL; range, 250‐1.3 × 10⁹; P = .27). The TNCC was not significantly predictive of antibiotic requirement when only dogs with bronchial disease were considered (LRTI‐RA: median, 470 cells/μL; range, 240‐2260; LRTD‐NRA: median, 455 cells/μL; range, 80‐4990; P = .57).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe cfu/mL is an inappropriate measure for determining whether antibiotics are of benefit in dogs with LRT signs.     

幽深清远的诗意空间——论武汉宝通禅寺园林空间艺术

从研究中国传统寺庙园林空间特征入手,对武汉宝通禅寺园林的整体空间布局进行了分析,并对各层次空间在幽深清远的意境营造上进行了阐述。结合武汉宝通禅寺园林空间艺术上的开合收放以及意境营造上的关系,指出现代城市园林空间设计中存在只注重功能完整和形式统一而缺乏满足精神需求的不合理现象,提出希望通过研究充满诗画艺术魅力的寺庙园林空间,能为人们创造出一片诗意栖居的精神家园。     

用于车辆紧急制动仿真的动态轮胎模型

提出一种可用于车辆紧急制动仿真的动态轮胎模型——LuGre轮胎模型。该动态模型不仅具有与经典稳态模型（如魔术公式）相似的稳态特性,可以方便地通过试验数据进行参数拟合和在线整定,而且能够精确捕捉汽车紧急制动过程中的瞬态特性,又由于采用微分方程形式来描述,更有利于开发高性能的电子制动控制系统来提高汽车的行驶安全性。得到了LuGre轮胎模型的基本特性,并分析了其在车辆紧急制动仿真中的稳态特性和动态特性。     

Implication and challenges of direct-fed microbial supplementation to improve ruminant production and healthOA

Direct-fed microbials(DFMs) are feed additives containing live naturally existing microbes that can benefit animals’ health and production performance. Due to the banned or strictly limited prophylactic and growth promoting usage of antibiotics, DFMs have been considered as one of antimicrobial alternatives in livestock industry.Microorganisms used as DFMs for ruminants usually consist of bacteria including lactic acid producing bacteria,lactic acid utilizing bacteria and other bacterial groups,...