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1.
Zhe Chen Yiting Shi Dongdong Wang Xiaoyu Liu Xuyao Jiao Xiang Gao Kun Jiang 《Pest management science》2023,79(11):4264-4273
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Yan D Wang Q Mao L Xie H Guo M Cao A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(20):5023-5027
Gelatin capsules containing chloropicrin (Pic gel cap) were developed as a new formulation to reduce the potential human exposure risks associated with injection application methods. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of a Pic gel cap formulation on soilborne pathogens and to determine the effects on strawberry plant growth and fruit yield. Three field experiments were conducted in strawberry greenhouses located in Mancheng County, China, in 2008-2010. The results demonstrated that effects of Pic gel cap on soilborne pathogens were similar to Pic injection; Pic gel cap effectively reduced key soilborne pathogens population, was partially effective against weeds, improved strawberry plant growth, and increased fruit yield significantly compared to the untreated control. Pic gel cap applied to preformed beds uses less fumigant than broadcast applications of Pic gel cap and can provide an equivalent level of disease control. The present study confirms that the Pic gel cap is a promising new formulation which provides field efficacy and marketable yields similar to Pic injection or methyl bromide in strawberry cultivation in China. 相似文献
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[目的]探究微塑料种类和尺寸对碳酸盐岩红土入渗过程的影响,为进一步揭示微塑料污染农田土壤的水文过程提供新的数据支撑。[方法]通过室内扁平土柱入渗模拟试验,采用定水头垂直入渗方法,研究了不同粒径(550,150和50μm)的聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)微塑料对红土入渗速率、累积入渗量和湿润锋深度的影响,同时评价累积入渗模型、Philip模型、Horton模型和Kostiakov模型在入渗过程中的适用性,再利用Hydrus-1D模型反演了不同微塑料处理下的5项水力参数[残余含水量(θr),饱和含水量(θs),拟合参数(α),经验参数(n),土壤饱和导水率(Ks)]。[结果](1)随着粒径的减小,PS微塑料的入渗速率、累积入渗量增大,而PE和PP微塑料的累积入渗量、入渗速率随粒径的增大先增大后减小,且不同粒径的累积入渗量差异显著(p<0.05);PS微塑料对水分的运移先促进后抑制,而PP与PE都起到促进水分运移的作用。(2)所有模型均适用于含微塑料红土的入渗模拟,其中Horton模型和累积入渗模型表现最佳[决定系数(R2),效率系数(CE)>0.98]。(3)不同微塑料处理对土壤水力参数(θr,θs,α,n,Ks)的影响不显著,但PS微塑料饱和导水率随粒径的减小而增加。[结论] PS,PP,PE微塑料对土壤入渗过程的影响存在明显差异,Horton模型、累积入渗模型以及Hydrus-1D模型均表现出较高的适用性。 相似文献
5.
邹文雄;关亚静;湛立伟;曹栋栋;严见方 《浙江农业科学》2024,65(6):1507-1511
为进一步加强浙江省农资市场监管,打击生产经营假冒伪劣农资的违法行为,维护农民群众合法权益,确保农业生产和农产品安全,为农业生产及种子市场管理提供借鉴。文章对2017—2021年浙江省监督抽检和例行抽检的4 049个大田作物种子样品数据进行统计,分析大田和蔬菜作物种子品质状况,发现非单粒播玉米种子标准过低、大豆种子水分合格率较低、蔬菜种子整体合格率偏低等问题,并提出了合理建议。 相似文献
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为开展油棕油脂代谢调控相关基因鉴定研究,以油棕八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因(phytoene desaturase gene,PDS)作为报告基因,探索以病毒载体TRV为载体在油棕胚状体上应用病毒诱导基因沉默(virus-induced gene silencing,VIGS)的可能性,并对油棕胚状体VIGS体系的相关参数进行优化。结果显示:以EHA105为菌种、侵染菌液OD600=0.5、侵染时间5 min、乙酰丁香酮(AS)质量浓度20 mg/L、共培养48 h、侵染后培养时间为12 d能取得最佳的基因沉默效果。在此基础上,利用优化后的VIGS体系对油棕二酰甘油酰基转移酶基因(diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene,DGAT)进行沉默,取得了预期的基因沉默效果。 相似文献
7.
为评价国产狂犬病病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的性能,选择4种国产品牌ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,分别检测463份已用荧光抗体病毒中和试验(FAVN)测知狂犬病病毒抗体效价的犬血清,用Kappa检验和配对卡方检验评价ELISA试剂盒与FAVN检测结果的一致性和差异性,计算ELISA试剂盒的诊断敏感性、诊断特异性、符合率和重复性等,并比较4种试剂盒的使用范围、样品稀释倍数等参数。结果显示:经Kappa检验,4种试剂盒与FAVN一致性均为弱;经配对卡方检验,A、B试剂盒与FAVN检测结果的差异不显著(P> 0.05),而C、D试剂盒差异显著(P <0.05)。诊断敏感性,D试剂盒最高,B试剂盒最低;4种试剂盒诊断特异性均较低,为29.5%~57.7%;各试剂盒符合率相当,为71.3%~72.8%。综合敏感性、特异性、重复性等考量因素,得出C试剂盒更能满足免疫后抗体检测需求,A试剂盒也较好,两者可作为候选试剂盒。结果表明,4种国产狂犬病病毒ELISA试剂盒的诊断敏感性、诊断特异性、批间稳定性等性能需进一步提高,以满足基层免疫抗体监测需求。 相似文献
8.
以一体化土壤采集器为试材,采用植丛内外差值百分比法,以围封退化短花针茅草地为研究对象,临近自由放牧草地为对照(CK),对比研究了荒漠草原短花针茅植丛对土壤颗粒组成和SOC和TN的富集效应在空间上的变化,以期探讨植丛对土壤富集作用的影响。结果表明:就富集率\"E\"值而言,粘粒(<2μm)和砂粒(50~2 000μm)的富集格局大致趋势相反,生境和土层深度对粉粒(2~500μm)的富集均无显著影响(P>0.05)。SOC在6~8 cm土层放牧区显著高于围封区,12~14 cm土层围封区显著高于放牧区;TN则在4~6 cm土层围封区显著高于放牧区,12~14 cm土层放牧区显著高于围封区(P<0.05)。沿土层深度垂直变化,颗粒组成仅放牧区砂粒在12~14 cm土层\"E\"值显著增高(P>0.05);SOC围封区0~2 cm土层\"E\"值显著高于其它土层(P<0.05),TN放牧区呈先减少后增高\"V\"型变化,4~8 cm土层\"E\"值显著降低(P<0.05),放牧区的SOC和围封区的TN都无显著变化(P>0.05)。粘粒与砂粒的\"E\"值均呈显著负相关(P<0.05),粉粒与粘粒、粉粒与砂粒的\"E\"值相关关系逆转;颗粒组成与SOC、TN的\"E\"值相关性都不显著(P>0.05)。总之,围封并未使短花针茅植丛对土壤粘粒的整体富集率增大,反而有所降低;但围封确推动了土壤粘粒和SOC表聚型富集;土壤SOC和TN的富集是2个独立的过程,围封都有利于任意土层TN的富集。 相似文献
9.
混油拖尾现象与批次跟踪的准确性、调度计划的可靠性、切割方案的经济性密切相关,准确描述混油拖尾现象对控制混油量、预测油品质量指标十分重要。分析了混油拖尾曲线的变化规律,建立了混油界面非对称分布的模拟模型。基于混油界面检测数据得到混油等效密度分布特点及其梯度变化规律,分别利用Gamma、Gamma-χ~2分布函数逼近混油等效密度梯度变化曲线。通过编程模拟分布函数,近而反演出分布函数中的关键参数后,得到混油等效密度的分布曲线。基于此,分析不同边界条件和运行工况下管道系统各参数与等效密度分布函数参数的关系,得到拟合公式,进一步利用部分数据预测完整混油等效密度分布曲线,以实现等效密度曲线的实时在线预测,为顺序输送混油量预测和油品切割提供有效指导。 相似文献
10.
Qing Wang Baoshan Cui Meng Luo Dongdong Qiu Wei Shi Chengjie Xie 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(8):1336-1346
- It is well known that establishment limitation is stronger than seed limitation in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it seems crucial during the recruitment recovery process to overcome this establishment limitation on bare or degraded patches.
- Microtopographic structures have been shown to act as trap agents in saltmarshes. They can facilitate establishment, but this effect has not been quantitatively examined and assessed. This study examined the facilitative effect of microtopographic structures on plant recruitment in a dynamic saltmarsh system by conducting a series of field experiments along a saltmarsh tidal gradient.
- A simple plant life‐cycle model was used to evaluate the dynamics of the plant recruitment process facilitated by microtopographic structure and the importance of each life stage. The influence of abiotic factors on each life stage was also assessed, to identify the determinants during the life history.
- It was revealed that seed retention was the limiting factor in a bare saltmarsh area, rather than seed dispersal. Microtopographic structures can provide trap agents to facilitate seed anchorage. During seed retention, the stability of the microtopographic structure, especially its relative surface elevation difference, can be influenced by tidal events and the associated sediment process, which then affects seed retention efficiency.
- Microtopographic structure has a strong environmental filtering effect that can revise the potential dispersed seed and emergence patterns, and the determinant of the final establishment pattern along a tidal gradient is the retention pattern resulting from the interactions between microtopographic structures and tidal events.
- Furthermore, it can be designed into the early stage of recovery or restoration process so that it facilitates pioneer plant establishment. These early recruitment patches will speed up the recovery or succession process by (1) providing local seed sources, (2) retaining more seeds via the established vegetative structures, and (3) modifying microhabitat factors.