基于正交实验的两种苦苣苔叶片扦插繁殖研究

以苦苣苔品种Primulina dryas‘Hisako’和Primulina‘Blue Mood’为试材,采用正交实验设计,分析不同因素、不同基质组分对扦插成活率、子株数、子株叶数的影响,并筛选出最优组合。探讨影响报春苣苔属扦插成活的因素,为报春苣苔属的扦插繁殖技术提供参考依据。结果表明:3种不同因素对Primulina dryas‘Hisako’成活率的影响大小为浓度>基质>叶片部位,对子株数的影响大小为叶片部位>浓度>基质,对子株叶数的影响大小为基质>叶片部位>浓度,最优组合为IBA+NAA等量混合浓度100 mg·L^-1+泥炭:珍珠岩:蛭石的体积比2∶1∶1+叶片下部。4种基质组分对P.‘Blue Mood’成活率的影响大小为泥炭>稻壳炭>蛭石>珍珠岩,对子株数的影响大小为珍珠岩>泥炭>蛭石>稻壳炭,对子株叶数的影响大小为泥炭>稻壳炭>珍珠岩>蛭石,扦插基质最优组合为泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石、稻壳炭的体积比6∶2∶2∶1。     

生物炭浸提液对小白菜种子萌发及幼苗荧光作用的影响

生物炭被广泛应用于低产地改良以及重金属污染土壤修复,但是其应用可能对植物存在潜在毒性。为了揭示生物炭的潜在植物毒性,用不同来源、不同浓度生物炭浸提液对小白菜种子进行处理,检测种子萌发以及幼苗生长相关指标。结果显示,酒糟生物炭和梨木生物炭浸提液对小白菜种子萌发以及幼苗生长具有明显作用,但不同生物炭浸提液以及不同浓度浸提液影响差异较大。①酒糟生物炭和梨木生物炭浸提液原液均显著降低小白菜种子萌发(P<0.05),但稀释后的浸提液却促进小白菜种子萌发,尤其是稀释50倍后梨木炭浸提液和酒糟炭浸提液处理的小白菜种子萌发率分别比对照高16.67%和8.33%;②生物炭浸提液可提高小白菜幼苗株高和根系活力,尤其浸提液原液处理的植株株高、根系活力显著高于对照(P<0.05);酒糟生物炭浸提液的促进作用明显低于梨木生物炭;③生物炭浸提液均可提高小白菜幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、实际量子产量（ΦPSⅡ）和表观光电子传递速率（ETR）等,且供试植株幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、ETR等随生物炭浸提液浓度增加而增加;但酒糟浸提液对小白菜幼苗叶片荧光作用的影响低于梨木生物炭浸提液;④生物炭浸提液能显著降低幼苗丙二醛含量 (P<0.05),且其随生物炭浸提液浓度增加而降低。由此表明,酒糟生物炭和梨木生物炭浸提稀释液均可提高小白菜种子萌发率及幼苗根系活力,增强幼苗叶片的荧光作用,但酒糟生物炭浸提液的影响作用低于梨木生物炭。     

尾巨桉引种新区连续年龄序列生长量及土壤理化特性

为探明尾巨桉引种新区林木生长量及土壤理化特性,在桂西北乐里林区设置尾巨桉连续年龄序列观测样地,对林分胸径、树高、蓄积量及其土壤理化性质进行测定。结果如下:1)1～4a生尾巨桉胸径平均总生长依次为5.0,8.0,9.7和10.7cm;树高平均总生长依次5.1,8.8,11.2和12.1m;林分平均总蓄积依次为8.29,31.76,51.45和71.89m3/hm2。2)林地(0～100cm)土壤容重为1.188～1.498g/cm3,总孔隙度为46.79%～59.90%,其中非毛管孔隙度为10.34%～28.50%。3)土壤pH值为5.44～5.60;有机质含量为0.78%～2.51%;全N和全P含量分别为0.04%～0.11%;全K含量为0.40%～0.50%;速效K(42.7～63.5mg/kg)>有效Mn(5.91～22.59mg/kg)>速效P(1.4～6.8mg/kg)>有效Zn(0.61～1.72mg/kg)>有效B(0.07～0.35mg/kg)。研究结果表明,桂西北乐里林区尾巨桉引种新区林地土壤容重较大,土壤主要养分含量普遍缺乏,林木生长量较低。     

紫外分光光度法测定沙拉沙星可溶性粉的含量

为了快捷简便地控制沙拉沙星可溶性粉生产过程中沙拉沙星的含量，采用紫外分分光光度法测定沙拉沙星的含量，平均回收率为99．9％，RSD=0．33％，与高效液相色谱法比较结果基本一致。     

Effects of the aglycone of ascaulitoxin on amino acid metabolism in Lemna paucicostata

Ascaulitoxin and its aglycone (2,4,7-triamino-5-hydroxyoctanoic acid, CAS 212268-55-8) are potent phytotoxins produced by Ascochyta caulina, a plant pathogen being developed for biocontrol of weeds. The mode of action of this non-protein amino acid was studied on Lemna paucicostata. Ascaulitoxin is a potent growth inhibitor, with an I₅₀ for growth of less than 1 μM, almost completely inhibiting growth at about 3 μM. Its action is slow, starting with growth inhibition, followed by darker green fronds, and then chlorosis and death. Most amino acids, including non-toxic non-protein amino acids, reversed the effect of the toxin when supplemented in the same medium. Supplemental sucrose slightly increased the activity. d-Amino acids were equally good inhibitors of ascaulitoxin activity, indicating the amino acid effects may not be due to inhibition of amino acid synthesis. Oxaloacetate, the immediate precursor of aspartate, also reversed the activity. LC-MS did not detect interaction of the compound with lysine, an amino acid that strongly reversed the effect of the phytotoxin. Metabolite profiling revealed that the toxin caused distinct changes in amino acids. Reduction in alanine, paralleled by enhanced levels of the branched chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine and nearly unchanged levels of pyruvate, might indicate that the conversion of pyruvate to alanine is affected by ascaulitoxin aglycone. In addition, reduced levels of glutamate/glutamine and aspartate/asparagine might suggest that synthesis and interconversion reactions of these amino group donors are affected. However, neither alanine aminotransferase nor alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase were inhibited by the toxin in vitro. Our observations might be explained by three hypotheses: (1) the toxin inhibits one or more aminotransferases not examined, (2) ascaulitoxin aglycone affects amino acid transporters, (3) ascaulitoxin aglycone is a protoxin that is converted in vivo to an aminotransferase inhibitor.     

Phytotoxic and fungitoxic activities of the essential oil of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) leaves and its composition

The chemical composition of the essential oil of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) was examined by GC-MS. Fifty-eight components were characterized from H. cannabinus with (E)-phytol (28.16%), (Z)-phytol (8.02%), n-nonanal (5.70%), benzene acetaldehyde (4.39%), (E)-2-hexenal (3.10%), and 5-methylfurfural (3.00%) as the major constituents. The oil was phytotoxic to lettuce and bentgrass and had antifungal activity against Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum accutatum but exhibited little or no algicidal activity.     

Chromatographic separation and in vitro activity of sorgoleone congeners from the roots of sorghum bicolor

Sorgoleone, 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-[(8'Z,11'Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatriene]-p-benzoquinone (1), and its corresponding hydroquinone are the major components of the root exudate of Sorghum bicolor. The name sorgoleone includes minor analogues differing in the length or degree of unsaturation of the 3-alkyl side chain. These compounds are known to be phytotoxic, probably through inhibition of photosystem II (PSII) driven oxygen evolution, as previously demonstrated for 1. Isolation of these sorgoleone congeners was achieved by C(8) column chromatography and argentation thin-layer chromatography, and the purified compounds were structurally characterized. The abilities of the minor sorgoleones to inhibit PSII were similar to that of the major compound, suggesting that all of these sorgoleone congeners contribute to the overall allelopathy of sorghum.     

桑属几个种及品种细胞色素氧化酶同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,对四川桑属植物的6个种、两个品种及两个引进种的细胞色素氧化酶同工酶进行了研究。结果:(1)桑属内有共同的特征酶带;(2)桑属内各种、品种间的酶谱有显著差异,每个种都有不同的特征酶谱;(3)用组平均聚类法研究同工酶分类,在桑属植物分类上有一定的适用价值;(4)上述研究结果与过氧化物酶同工酶的排序法分类比较,除华桑有差异外,其它桑种、品种均表现规律性的一致倾向,为桑属植物分类提供了新的依据。     

Chlorophyll fluorescence as a marker for herbicide mechanisms of action

Photosynthesis is the single most important source of O₂ and organic chemical energy necessary to support all non-autotrophic life forms. Plants compartmentalize this elaborate biochemical process within chloroplasts in order to safely harness the power of solar energy and convert it into usable chemical units. Stresses (biotic or abiotic) that challenge the integrity of the plant cell are likely to affect photosynthesis and alter chlorophyll fluorescence. A simple three-step assay was developed to test selected herbicides representative of the known herbicide mechanisms of action and a number of natural phytotoxins to determine their effect on photosynthesis as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. The most active compounds were those interacting directly with photosynthesis (inhibitors of photosystem I and II), those inhibiting carotenoid synthesis, and those with mechanisms of action generating reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation (uncouplers and inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase). Other active compounds targeted lipids (very-long-chain fatty acid synthase and removal of cuticular waxes). Therefore, induced chlorophyll fluorescence is a good biomarker to help identify certain herbicide modes of action and their dependence on light for bioactivity.     

不同因素对薰衣草扦插成活的影响

为深入研究亚热带地区薰衣草无性繁殖方法,验证在南方地区建立薰衣草育苗基地的可行性,在南宁地区研究了不同基质、枝条部位、IBA浓度和处理时间对齿叶薰衣草、甜薰衣草和羽叶薰衣草扦插成活效果的影响。结果显示,甜薰衣草扦插成活效果要显著优于齿叶薰衣草和羽叶薰衣草,河沙和珍珠岩可作为薰衣草的扦插基质,枝条中部作插穗成活效果更佳,而IBA处理浓度和时间对不同薰衣草扦插成活效果的影响差异较大。综合分析表明,齿叶薰衣草最佳扦插条件为枝条中部+河沙基质+1000 mg/L的IBA处理60 s,甜薰衣草为枝条中部+珍珠岩基质+1000 mg/L的IBA处理30 s,羽叶薰衣草为枝条基部+河沙基质+500 mg/L的IBA处理15 s。本研究表明在南宁地区进行3种薰衣草的扦插育苗是可行的。