早熟油桃‘玫瑰红’选育

玫瑰红油桃是1992年以京玉为母本,五月火为父本进行杂交培育的早熟油桃品种。该品种在郑州6月下旬成熟,果实发育期85d左右;果面75%～100%着玫瑰红色,不裂果;平均单果重150g,最大250g;果肉乳白色,肉质硬溶,果实风味甜,可溶性固形物11%,半离核;需冷量700h,早期丰产性强,极丰产。     

Can treatment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachiaria decumbens</Emphasis> (signal grass) improve its utilisation in the diet in small ruminants?—a review

Brachiaria decumbens is an extremely productive tropical grass due to its aggressive growth habit and its adaptation to a varied range of soil types and environments. As a result of the vast availability, treated B. decumbens demonstrates as a promising local material that could be utilised as an improved diet for sheep and goats. Despite the fact that the grass significantly increases weight gains in grazing farm animals, there were many reports of general ill-thrift and sporadic outbreaks of photosensitivity in livestock due to the toxic compound of steroidal saponin found in B. decumbens. Ensiling and haymaking were found to be effective in removing toxin and undesirable compounds in the grass. Biological treatments using urea, activated charcoal, polyethylene glycol, and effective microorganisms were found to be useful in anti-nutritional factor deactivation and improving the nutritive values of feedstuffs. Besides, oral administration of phenobarbitone showed some degree of protection in sheep that fed on B. decumbens pasture. In this review, we aim to determine the effect of B. decumbens toxicity and possible treatment methods on the grass to be used as an improved diet for small ruminant.     

Genomic characterization of the first oral avian papillomavirus in a colony of breeding canaries (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Serinus canaria</Emphasis>)

Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped, DNA viruses that infect skin and mucosa of a wide variety of vertebrates, causing neoplasias or simply persisting asymptomatically. Avian papillomaviruses, with six fully sequenced genomes, are the second most studied group after mammalian papillomaviruses. In this study, we describe the first oral avian papillomavirus, detected in the tongue of a dead Yorkshire canary (Serinus canaria) and in oral swabs of the same bird and other two live canaries from an aviary in Madrid, Spain. Its genome is 8,071 bp and presents the canonical papillomavirus architecture with six early (E6, E7, E1, E9, E2, E4) and two late open reading frames (L1 and L2) and a long control region between L1 and E6. This new avian papillomavirus L1 gene shares a 64% pairwise identity with FcPV1 L1, so it has been classified as a new species (ScPV1) within the Ethapapillomavirus genus. Although the canary died after showing breathing problems, there is no evidence that the papillomavirus caused those symptoms so it could be part of the oral microbiota of the birds. Hence, future investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of the virus.     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices towards <Emphasis Type="Italic">cystic echinococcosis</Emphasis> in livestock among selected pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Uganda

A cross-sectional study was done from March 2013 to May 2014 to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis among selected pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Uganda. A structured questionnaire was administered to 381 respondents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to find the relationship between knowledge about CE and factors such as age, sex, and level of education across all regions. The odds ratio and confidence interval were used to determine the difference in responses across regions. It was shown that age above 36 years was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with awareness about CE in livestock. Likewise, uneducated (p < 0.0001) and agro-pastoralists (p = 0.01) were significantly less knowledgeable than the educated and pastoralists across all regions. The overall knowledge towards CE in livestock was low 17.8% (95% CI = 14.0–21.6). Dog ownership was high and they never dewormed their freely roaming dogs. Dogs shared water with livestock. In conclusion, knowledge about CE in livestock was low across all regions. Therefore, public health education and formulation of policies towards its control by the relevant stakeholders should be done. Also, the true prevalence of CE in livestock needs to be done so that the magnitude and its public health significance are elucidated.     

PEG介导的玉米弯孢叶斑病菌遗传转化

为了探索不同酶系组成对玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体制备的影响,建立该病菌原生质体遗传转化系统,采用酶系混合物裂解菌丝体制备原生质体,采用PEG介导方法进行原生质遗传转化,通过PCR和Southern blotting技术对转化子进行验证。结果表明:1%溶壁酶+1%蜗牛酶+1%纤维素酶混合酶系为玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体制备的最佳酶系,可以产生原生质体6.78×106 cfu/mL。用PEG介导方法转化共获得16个稳定的转化子,从中随机挑取5个转化子发现质粒pV2已被成功整合到基因组中。本研究获得了制备玉米弯孢叶斑病菌原生质体的最佳酶系,建立了PEG介导的原生质体遗传转化体系,为开展该菌致病相关基因克隆和基因功能研究提供了一种手段。     

不同间作油茶幼林的夏季气象日效应研究

林地气候环境条件影响油茶丰产的重要因素,为了促进油茶产业的高效、低耗和常态化发展,以江西吉安县澧田乡马山林场3年生油茶林为试验对象,在油茶林地进行红薯、大豆与花生3种常见农作物的间作试验,调查分析了间作后林间空气温度、相对空气湿度、光照强度、表层土壤温度与浅层土壤温度5个指标,并应用灰色关联分析法筛选适宜油茶林地种植的间作物。结果表明：间作降低林间空气温度的大小依次为大豆＞红薯＞花生＞清耕(对照);升高林间日均相对湿度大小依次为红薯＞大豆＞花生＞清耕(对照);减弱林间日平均光照强度大小依次为花生＞大豆＞红薯＞清耕(对照)。对不同间作处理进行综合分析并排序为：大豆＞红薯＞花生＞清耕(对照)。因此,大豆和红薯对油茶林气象生态环境的改善作用显著,推荐在油茶幼林生长期推广应用。     

B样条非圆齿轮行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构的设计与优化

钵苗移栽可以提高产量,对中国粮食安全具有重要意义。在分析水稻钵苗移栽机构最新研究进展的基础上,该文作者发明了基于三次非均匀有理B样条曲线的非圆齿轮行星轮系钵苗移栽机构。选取非圆齿轮节曲线上的13个型值点来控制和表达非圆齿轮的节曲线形状,通过该移栽机构的运动学分析,在确定优化目标的基础上,建立了夹秧片姿态和尖点轨迹的目标函数,将目标函数转化为优化数学模型。利用MATLAB GU平台,开发出该移栽机构的计算机辅助分析与优化软件,通过人机对话调整型值点,优化夹秧片姿态和尖点轨迹,从而获得了一组满足水稻钵苗移栽要求的结构参数。建立三维模型,并利用Admas进行虚拟样机仿真,验证了该移栽机构数学模型的正确性。     

重组竹制备工艺对力学性能的影响

采用自制的中温固化酚醛树脂胶黏剂为粘结剂制备重组竹材,探索重组竹密度、竹束疏解次数、胶液固体含量、热压温度和热压时间对重组竹力学性能的影响。结果表明:重组竹密度为095g/cm3,竹束疏解3次,胶液固体含量为25%,热压温度为125℃,热压时间为11min/mm时,重组竹物理力学性能最优。     

濒危植物沉水樟ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

为从分子水平上探讨濒危物种沉水樟种质资源的保护机制,以其基因组DNA为模版,开展ISSR-PCR反应体系的研究,对各反应因子水平、引物退火温度和循环参数进行优化,确定适于沉水樟ISSR-PCR反应的最佳体系：20μL反应体系中各反应物的最适含量为模板75ng、引物04μmol/L、dNTP 200μmol/L、Taq酶1.25U、Mg2+ 1.5mmol/L;扩增程序为：94℃预变性7min;94 ℃变性30s,530~580 ℃退火45s,72 ℃延伸90s,45个循环;72℃延伸7min,4 ℃保存。     

小麦根腐离蠕孢菌诱导小麦β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的克隆及其表达

为了明确小麦受小麦根腐离蠕孢侵染后β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的表达情况,采用RT-PCR方法在受小麦根腐离蠕孢菌侵染后的小麦叶片中扩增β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因,然后对侵染后的小麦叶片总RNA进行Northern斑点杂交。结果表明,克隆到了β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因,该基因在小麦被侵染12 h时开始表达,在48 h后未见表达。对照中未见表达。可推断出此β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因是被小麦根腐离蠕孢菌（Bipolaris sorokinianum）侵染后诱导表达的。