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排序方式: 共有1023条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Tania Khandakar Chris Guppy Sheikh M. F. Rabbi Heiko Daniel 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):120-125
Soil carbon (C) saturation implies an upper limit to a soil's capacity to store C depending on the contents of silt + clay and poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides. We hypothesized that the poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides in silt + clay fraction increased the C saturation and thus reduced the capacity of the soil to sorb additional C input. To test the hypothesis, we studied the sorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on silt + clay fractions (<53 µm) of highly weathered oxic soils, collected from three different land uses (i.e., improved pasture, cropping and forest). Soils with high carbon saturation desorbed 38% more C than soils with low C saturation upon addition of DOC, whereas adsorption of DOC was only observed at higher concentration (>15 g kg?1). While high Al oxide concentration significantly increased both the saturation and desorption of DOC, the high Fe oxide concentration significantly increased the desorption of DOC, supporting the proposition that both oxides have influence on the DOC sorption in soil. Our findings provide a new insight into the chemical control of stabilization and destabilization of DOC in soil. 相似文献
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Johnson Chris J. Boyce Mark S. Mulders Robert Gunn Anne Gau Rob J. Cluff H. Dean Case Ray L. 《Landscape Ecology》2004,19(8):869-882
Multiscale analyses are widely employed for wildlife-habitat studies. In most cases, however, each scale is considered discrete and little emphasis is placed on incorporating or measuring the responses of wildlife to resources across multiple scales. We modeled the responses of three Arctic wildlife species to vegetative resources distributed at two spatial scales: patches and collections of patches aggregated across a regional area. We defined a patch as a single or homogeneous collection of pixels representing 1 of 10 unique vegetation types. We employed a spatial pattern technique, three-term local quadrat variance, to quantify the distribution of patches at a larger regional scale. We used the distance at which the variance for each of 10 vegetation types peaked to define a moving window for calculating the density of patches. When measures of vegetation patch and density were applied to resource selection functions, the most parsimonious models for wolves and grizzly bears included covariates recorded at both scales. Seasonal resource selection by caribou was best described using a model consisting of only regional scale covariates. Our results suggest that for some species and environments simple patch-scale models may not capture the full range of spatial variation in resources to which wildlife may respond. For mobile animals that range across heterogeneous areas we recommend selection models that integrate resources occurring at a number of spatial scales. Patch density is a simple technique for representing such higher-order spatial patterns. 相似文献
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正在欧洲进行的一些试验,旨在研究通过饲料保护幼猪肠道的策略。这些研究很及时,因为现在市场矛头直指抗生素制剂。抗生素用作抑制病原以提高动物生长和存活能力,已经有几十年的历史了。欧盟于2006年早期就猪饲料中禁用抗生素。在猪饲料中添加抗生素.对肠道有不同程度的改善,从而有利于生长和健康,尤其是在敏感的断奶阶段,幼龄仔猪的肠道功能不是很完善,要适应从单一的,以乳为主的饲粮转变到更为复杂的,固体的植物源饲料。 相似文献
6.
Presettlement land survey records (PLSRs) are a valuable and unique source of information for the reconstruction of presettlement
forest patterns. The purpose of this study was to determine whether coarsely resolved PLSRs are adequate to characterize the
spatial patterns of individual tree species over large areas. The General Land Office Survey records of the PLSRs of Minnesota
were used and species selected in the analysis were based on their abundances and degrees of clustering. A geostatistical
procedure was developed to analyze observations of bearing-tree point-locations, at progressively coarser resolutions from
1×1 mile to 24×24 miles, to create spatially continuous probability surfaces of species occurrences across the landscape.
Statistical and visual analyses of the geostatistical predictions indicated that coarsely resolved PLSRs, as coarse as 24×24 miles,
can adequately represent the spatial pattern of individual species over large areas. Mean errors in predictions increased
as more coarsely resolved data were used, primarily in response to the decreased abundance of a species and minorly in response
to the degree of spatial clustering of a species. The results indicate that coarsely resolved township-level data of 6×6 miles
can be used for presettlement vegetation reconstruction of large areas of several counties. 相似文献
7.
F2 screen,inheritance and cross‐resistance of field‐derived Vip3A resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected from Louisiana,USA
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8.
Luke Randall Katharina Heinrich Robert Horton Lucy Brunton Matthew Sharman Victoria Bailey-Horne Meenaxi Sharma Ian McLaren Nick Coldham Chris Teale Jeff Jones 《Research in veterinary science》2014
Waste milk samples from 103 farms in England and Wales were examined for the presence of β-lactam antibiotics and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Approximately 10 months after the initial sampling, further waste milk, environmental and faecal samples from farms shown to be positive for CTX-M Escherichia coli were investigated further. Isolates with an ESBL phenotype were tested by PCR for the presence of blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaSHV and blaTEM genes. Isolates positive for blaCTX-M were sequenced to determine CTX-M type. Representative isolates were further examined by PFGE, plasmid replicon typing and serotyping. Of particular interest, 21.4% of waste milk samples contained residues of the cephalosporin cefquinome, which was significantly associated with CTX-M bacteria. Such bacteria occurred in 5.8% of the waste milk samples (including 3.9% CTX-M E. coli). CTX-M types identified were 1, 14, 14b and 15, but none of the E. coli were serotype O25, the serotype of the human pandemic strain. 相似文献
9.
Northern Lake Huron (Ontario, Canada) supports the largest concentration of freshwater salmonid cage culture farms in Canada and receives inputs of domestic‐strain rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through escapement. We assessed the potential effects of these domestic fish on the naturalised rainbow trout of this ecosystem by comparing their respective ecologies. Mature adults were sampled from spawning tributaries, primarily in spring, and to a lesser extent in fall. Fish of domestic origin comprised ~80% of rainbow trout sampled from sites near cage culture facilities but <20% of rainbow trout sampled from more distant sites. Domestic adults in spawning condition (gametes free‐flowing) were present in the spawning tributaries in both spring and fall sampling seasons, whereas naturalised fish in spawning condition were only observed in the spring. Domestic adults were younger and smaller (in length), appeared to have shorter lifespan and had a higher male to female ratio compared with their naturalised counterparts. Growth rates (change in length with age) of naturalised and domestic females in the wild were similar, but domestic males grew more slowly than naturalised males. Domestic females also produced smaller eggs than naturalised females. Food web positions (inferred from δ13C and δ15N) of domestic and naturalised fish were very similar but varied more strongly with body size in the former. Domestic‐strain rainbow trout of cage culture origin can survive, grow and attempt to spawn in northern Lake Huron and have the potential to compete for food, mates and spawning habitat with naturalised rainbow trout. 相似文献
10.