基于表型和SRAP标记的唐菖蒲品种遗传多样性分析

为进一步研究唐菖蒲杂交育种亲本选配和杂种的早期鉴定,以21个唐菖蒲品种为试材,对这些品种的表型性状特征进行聚类分析,并利用SRAP技术对其构建指纹图谱。结果表明:21个品种的表型性状表现出一定的遗传多样性,变异6.78%~147.29%。经过对SRAP-PCR反应条件的优化,从100对引物中筛选出16对引物适用于唐菖蒲PCR反应;通过对21个品种SRAP标记的试验与分析,共在468个位点上扩增出条带,多态性位点411个,平均每个引物组合扩增多态性条带25.7个;基于SRAP标记的UPGMA聚类分析显示,21个品种间Jaccardp’s相似系数0.46~0.75。将2种聚类结果进行比较发现,唐菖蒲品种的分类与表型性状无显著相关性,说明其品种具有复杂的遗传背景。     

浅谈新时期江苏农机化工作的发展思路

新时期对农机化工作提出了更高的要求,落实到具体工作中,江苏省根据实际情况归纳出“围绕一个中心、突出两个重点、开展三项创新、坚持四个面向”的发展思路。     

玉米花期高温响应的基因型差异及其生理机制

倒伏是制约旱种水稻大面积推广的主要因素之一。以籼型杂交稻汕优63和粳稻9516为材料,研究了旱种水稻倒伏的原因及其机理。结果表明,与水种相比,旱种水稻的倒伏率明显高,结实率和粒重明显降低,产量明显降低。自抽穗至成熟,旱种水稻基部节间强度(厚度、单位长度重量)、碳水化合物(尤其是淀粉)含量低于常规水种稻,α-淀粉酶活性明显高于水种稻。水稻基部节间淀粉含量与节间厚度和单位长度重量呈极显著正相关,与α-淀粉酶活性呈显著或极显著负相关。淀粉输出与α-淀粉酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关。施用硅、钾肥能降低旱种水稻基部节间α-淀粉酶活性,提高基部节间淀粉含量,增强基部节间强度,大幅度降低倒伏率,提高旱种水稻的结实率和粒重,从而提高产量。孕穗期去1/2叶,效果则相反。表明在旱种条件下,水稻基部节间α-淀粉酶活性高,促进了节间贮存淀粉的降解,降低了基部节间强度,造成旱种水稻的倒伏。     

模拟昆虫中肠环境对球孢白僵菌分生孢子的影响

    为了观察孢子在模拟昆虫中肠环境的变化,先配制不同组分的中肠模拟消化酶液(均为0.5%),将稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白菌株的分生孢子悬浮其中,25 ℃或35 ℃恒温孵育4 h后,分别采用流式细胞仪和扫描电子显微镜检测孢子荧光强度和孢子壁形态的变化.孢子荧光强度的改变可以反映酶液对孢子壁消解的程度.结果显示,5种模拟消化液导致荧光强度显著上升,分别为蛋白酶K、链霉蛋白酶E、纤维素酶、胰蛋白酶和α-淀粉酶,但昆布多糖酶、葡萄糖苷酶、蜗牛酶模拟消化液导致荧光强度下降.与单因素模拟消化液相比,复合酶类模拟消化液作用后的荧光强度大幅下降.在pH 5～11范围内,复合酶类模拟消化液处理后的分生孢子荧光强度变化情况差异显著.扫描电子显微镜观察到分生孢子经昆虫模拟消化液处理后孢壁表面结构发生明显变化.这意味着昆虫中肠消化液可能影响球孢白僵菌分生孢子壁结构及其侵染功能.     

淹水胁迫下不同玉米品种根结构及呼吸代谢差异

【目的】研究不同玉米品种幼苗根显微结构及呼吸代谢对淹水胁迫的响应差异。【方法】以耐涝性不同的玉米品种浚单20（耐涝性强）和登海662（耐涝性弱）为试材,设CK、淹水2、4、6、8 d共5个处理,比较淹水胁迫下不同玉米品种苗期根结构及呼吸代谢差异。【结果】淹水后,两品种幼苗的根干重、根总长度、根系活力均明显下降,随着淹水天数增加,下降幅度增大,两品种间表现为登海662各指标下降幅度显著高于浚单20。其中淹水8 d时,登海662和浚单20根干重分别比对照降低29.7%和12.1%,根系活力分别比对照降低30.6%和8.7%。淹水增加了两品种玉米根气腔面积和根孔积率,平均比对照增加3.9倍和2.8倍,且随着淹水时间延长而增大。淹水使玉米根系的乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）、丙酮酸脱羧酶（PDC）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性比对照平均增加27.7%、55.0%和2.6倍,其中登海662的增加幅度大于浚单20,且差异显著。【结论】不同玉米品种根系对淹水胁迫的响应不同,耐涝品种具有完整根结构、较高的根系活力、大面积较发达的通气组织、适度的无氧呼吸代谢,因而能够更好地适应淹水胁迫,提高干物质生产能力。     

Proper adjuvant selection to enhance the activity of triclopyr combined with metsulfuron on the control of Hedyotis verticillata

A study was conducted to evaluate the combined activity of a tank mixture of triclopyr plus metsulfuron with non-ionic surfactant (NIS), crop oil concentrate (COC), and organosilicon (OS) adjuvants on the control of Hedyotis verticillata under glasshouse and field conditions. The results of both the glasshouse and field experiments showed that 160 g ai ha⁻¹ triclopyr plus 0.2 g ai ha⁻¹ metsulfuron and 320 g ai ha⁻¹ triclopyr plus 0.4 g ai ha⁻¹ metsulfuron, with the addition of 0.25% NIS, 0.05% COC, or 0.05% OS, were effective in controlling H. verticillata . A comparison of the cost revealed that the most cost-effective combination for controlling H. verticillata is 160 g ai ha⁻¹ triclopyr plus 0.2 g ai ha⁻¹ metsulfuron combined with 0.25% NIS.     

外源亚精胺对淹水胁迫玉米的生理调控效应

以玉米单交种登海662(DH662)和浚单20(XD20)为材料, 以盆栽方式研究了外源亚精胺(Spd)对淹水胁迫玉米叶片光合、根系生理及产量的调控效应。结果表明, 喷施亚精胺使遭受不同生育阶段淹水胁迫的DH662和XD20产量平均提高12.9%和10.8%。不同生育阶段淹水对玉米影响不同, 两个品种均以苗期淹水影响较大, 且Spd对其正调控效应也最好。喷施亚精胺提高了不同生育阶段淹水处理玉米叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、气孔限制值(L_s)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、光量子产量(Φ_PSII)和光化学猝灭系数(q_P), 降低了细胞间隙CO₂浓度(C_i)和非光化学猝灭系数(q_N)。喷施亚精胺使淹水胁迫后DH662和XD20根系的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别较单独淹水处理高出14.5%和4.6%, 过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别较淹水处理高出19.9%和18.2%;使DH662和XD20根系的异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性增加26.1%和19.6%, 但抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性无明显增加。喷施亚精胺缓解了淹水胁迫引起的膜脂过氧化, 使DH662和XD20根系活力平均增加12.9%, 根系丙二醛(MDA)含量平均降低23.9%。表明叶面喷施亚精胺可有效改善玉米根系和叶片生理功能, 从而降低减产幅度, 但不同玉米品种及其不同生育阶段对亚精胺的调控效应存在差异。     

The Effects of Jobs-Targeted Development Incentive Programs

ABSTRACT In recent years, many states have raised the amount of resources they devote to economic development programs, particularly those providing direct monetary assistance to firms. However, scholarly attention to this topic has not kept pace and, as a result, relatively little is known about such policies' effectiveness. This paper examines the effectiveness of monetary incentives using Ohio's experience with such programs in the 1980s. Empirical results show that incentives are significantly related to employment and income growth at the county level. Grants are found to be more effective than loans, and capital subsidies to businesses more effective than either labor subsidies to businesses or capital subsidies to communities. Finally, resources given to creating jobs are more effective than resources for retaining or training existing workers.     

唐菖蒲茉莉素受体基因GhCOI1的克隆与表达分析

通过RACE技术在唐菖蒲(Gladiolus hybridus)品种‘Rose Supreme’的籽球苗叶片中克隆得到茉莉素受体COI1基因的c DNA序列,命名为Gh COI1。该基因全长为2 603 bp,包含一个编码613个氨基酸的开放阅读框,5′utr和3′utr分别为484 bp和277 bp,预测的蛋白质分子量为69.46 k D;其氨基酸序列具有典型的F-box基序和LRRs结构域。同源比对和系统进化树的分析结果表明,Gh COI1与番茄Le COI1氨基酸序列的相似性最高,达到64.3%;与水稻Os COI1的亲缘关系最近。利用实时荧光定量PCR分析基因表达的结果表明,Gh COI1在唐菖蒲叶片中的相对表达量最高,根中其次,匍匐茎、新球、籽球、花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊里中的相对表达量较低,推测在唐菖蒲中存在器官专一性表达的COI1同源基因。采用0.05、0.1和0.5 mmol·L-1 Me JA喷施处理唐菖蒲叶片,检测到施用0.1 mmol·L-1 Me JA可显著上调Gh COI1的表达。同时伴随此浓度Me JA处理时间的增加,12 h内Gh COI1的表达量呈现先上升再下降后上升的趋势。洋葱表皮细胞瞬时表达结果表明Gh COI1蛋白定位于细胞质和质体中。本研究中初步验证了Gh COI1在茉莉素信号途径中的作用。     

Initial report of glufosinate and paraquat multiple resistance that evolved in a biotype of goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in Malaysia

Field and glasshouse studies have confirmed the presence of a glufosinate‐ and paraquat‐resistant goosegrass biotype that has infested a bitter gourd field in Air Kuning, Perak, Malaysia. Glufosinate and paraquat had been applied at least six times per year to the affected fields (originally a rubber plantation) for more than four consecutive years. Paraquat had been used since 1970 for weed control in the rubber plantation. An on‐site field trial revealed that the control of the goosegrass plants, measuring 20–35 cm in height, ranged from 20 to 35% 3 weeks after being treated with each herbicide at twice the recommended rate. Dose–response tests were conducted in the glasshouse, using seedlings at the three‐to‐four‐leaf stage that had been obtained from the plants that had received repeated exposure to these herbicides and a biotype with no history of any herbicide resistance. The comparison of the GR₅₀ (the herbicide rate that is required to reduce the shoot fresh weight by 50%) of the seedlings indicated that the resistant biotype of goosegrass is 3.4‐fold and 3.6‐fold more resistant than the susceptible biotype following treatment with glufosinate and paraquat, respectively. This study has demonstrated the world's first field‐evolved instance of multiple resistance in goosegrass to two non‐selective herbicides, glufosinate and paraquat.