作物活体多探头测量仪的研制

采用TP—801单板机制作作物活体多探头测量仪。该机可在田间对生长状态下的农作物进行多点体内养分积累、运输、分配等测定,且结果可靠。     

五个澳洲野生棉种的核型研究

对斯特提棉（Ｇ．ｓｔｕｒｔｉａｎｕｍ）、南岱华棉（Ｇ．ｎａｎｄｅｗａｒｅｎｓｅ）、澳洲棉（Ｇ．ａｕｓｔｒａｌｅ）、纳尔逊氏棉（Ｇ．ｎｅｌｓｏｎｉ）和比克氏棉（Ｇ．ｂｉｃｋｉ）五个澳洲野生棉种的染色体核型进行了分析研究。结果表明，五个澳洲野生棉种的核型比较相似，均有两对随体染色体，种间的核型重合率均大于８５％，其中斯特提棉与南岱华棉、澳洲棉与纳尔逊氏棉，及其比克氏棉与澳洲棉或纳尔逊氏棉之间的核型重合率大于９０％。此外，本文对比克氏棉的系统发育和染色体组划分等问题进行了讨论。     

Xenon Difluoride and the Nature of the Xenon-Fluorine Bond

Xenon reacts with fluorine to form XeF(2) which can be isolated before it reacts with fluorine to form XeF(4). The linear configuration of XeF(2) with the 2.00-A bond length and the vibrational force constants support the assignment of 10 electrons to the valence shell of xenon. Similar arguments support the assignment of 12 and 14 valence electrons respectively to xenon in XeF(4) and XeF(6).     

玉米籽粒类型及其与成粒的关系

玉米雌穗总粒数在抽丝后18d决定;败育粒在抽丝后8-28d决定;抽丝后3-4d内抽出花丝的,基本上能成为有效粒。高产栽培时,措施及气候因素对晚败粒及雌穗中下部败育粒的影响显著。     

烤烟优质高产栽培的生理基础研究 Ⅰ.烟草品种光温反应的发育特性研究

采用定日长与分期播种相结合的方法,研究了我国烟草现用主体品种的光、温反应的发育特性。结果表明:(1)较低温度可促进烟草花芽分化;(2)大多数品种对日长的反应不敏感,属日中性。另外,还研究了花芽分化的叶龄指标。     

小国光苹果贮藏保鲜紫外光、红光照射与钴辐射处理

选取小国光苹果分别做紫外光和红光照射及钴辐射3种物理处理后,进行保鲜贮藏试验。在贮藏期定期测定果实的呼吸强度和主要化学成分的变化,对测定数据作统计分析。结果表明,红光照射与钴辐射处理能显著地抑制苹果的呼吸强度,推迟苹果呼吸高峰的时间,起到贮藏保鲜作用。     

Geography limits island small‐scale fishery production

Interacting social and ecological processes shape productivity and sustainability of island small‐scale fisheries (SSF). Understanding limits to productivity through historical catches help frame future expectations and management strategies, but SSF are dispersed and unaccounted, so long‐term standardized data are largely absent for such analyses. We analysed 40 years of trade statistics of a SSF product that enter international markets (sea cucumber) from 14 Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICT) against response variables to test predictors of fishery production: (i) scale, (ii) productivity and (iii) socio‐economics. Combined production in PICT peaked over 20 years ago, driven by exploitation trends in Melanesia that accounted for 90% of all production since 1971. The size of island fisheries (as measured by total exports), and the duration and magnitude of fishery booms were most influenced by ungovernable environmental variables, in particular land area. The large and high islands of Melanesia sustained larger booms over longer periods than atoll nations. We hypothesize that land area is a proxy for land‐based nutrient availability and habitat diversity, and therefore the productivity of the shallow water areas where SSF are operating. PICT need to tailor management based on the intrinsic productivity of shallow inshore habitats: harvests from atoll nations will need to be smaller per unit area than at the high islands. Particularly countries with low productivity fisheries must consider the crucial economic “safety nets” that export SSF make up for dispersed island populations and incorporate them into broader development and island resilience strategies.     

EDTA对低酚棉的生理调节作用和增产效应初探

研究了花期喷施不同浓度ＥＤＴＡ对低酚棉生理效应及增产效果。结果表明，ＥＤＴＡ有助于增强低酚棉根系活力，使棉株稳健生长；增强功能叶中全氖和叶绿素含量，提高ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性，延长棉叶的光合功能期；促进茎皮中光合产物外运和利用，增加结实器官中干物质积累比例。同时ＥＤＴＡ有促进低酚棉现蕾、增结伏桃及增铃重的效果，从而提高皮棉产量，花期喷施ＥＤＴＡ２００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１对大多数生理特性的调节作用和增产效只是显著。     

华北地区中高产冬麦品种源库演变分析

华北地区70年代以来育成的中高产冬麦品种在库的遗传演变过程中,千粒重和穗粒数明显增加,对单株籽粒产量的提高起着决定性作用,单株穗数变化很小。在源的演变过程中,花后净光合量在所有研究性状中增长幅度最大,对籽粒产量起主导作用。其中花后净光合速率的增长幅度较大,对花后净光合量和籽粒产量均起主要作用,而有效灌浆期延长的幅度较小。花后营养体贮藏干物质向籽粒的净转移量大幅度减少。生物产量显著提高,而收获指数变化不大。结果表明,源的改良比库的改良更重要,库的改良必须在源的改良基础上才能导致增产,源的改良似乎具有超前性。     

小麦光合强度的日变化及其产生的原因

用Ll—6200便携式光合作用分析系统测定了小麦光合强度的日变化和单叶在不同环境条件下的光合强度。通常小麦的光合强度随光强的变化而变化,光强升高,光合强度提高。干热条件下,小麦光合强度在中午下降,即出现“午睡”现象。产生“午睡”的主要原因有:1.中午前后相对湿度下降,引起气孔关闭;2.强光、高温增加了光呼吸的消耗。田间浇水,可降温增湿,缓解小麦的“午睡”现象。