Über Wollschädlinge und Wollschutz

Ohne Zusammenfassung Mit 19 Abbildungen.     

Versuche zur Bekämpfung der Erdflöhe

Ohne Zusammenfassung Mit 3 Abbildungen.     

Occurrence of the F129L mutation in Alternaria solani populations in Germany in response to QoI application,and its effect on sensitivity

Early blight caused by Alternaria solani is a highly destructive disease of potatoes. Control of early blight mainly relies on the use of preventive fungicide treatments. Because of their high efficacy, azoxystrobin and other quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) are commonly used to manage early blight. However, loss of sensitivity to QoIs has previously been reported for A. solani in the United States. Two hundred and three A. solani field isolates collected from 81 locations in Germany between 2005 and 2011 were screened for the presence of the F129L mutation in the cytochrome b gene; of these, 74 contained the F129L mutation. Sequence analysis revealed the occurrence of two structurally different cytb genes, which differed in the presence (genotype I) or absence (genotype II) of an intron, with genotype I being the most prevalent (63% of isolates). The F129L mutation was detected only in genotype II isolates, where it occurred in 97%. Sensitivity to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin was determined in conidial germination assays. All isolates possessing the F129L mutation had reduced sensitivity to azoxystrobin and, to a lesser extent, to pyraclostrobin. Early blight disease severity on plants treated with azoxystrobin was significantly higher for A. solani isolates with reduced fungicide sensitivity in the conidial germination assay compared with sensitive isolates. Data suggest an accumulation of F129L isolates in the German A. solani population over the years 2009–2011. It is assumed that the application of QoIs has selected for the occurrence of F129L mutations, which may contribute to loss of fungicide efficacy.     

Entomologica in litteris. II: imprimis de apibus

Ohne ZusammenfassungHerrn Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. ERWIN SCHIMITSCHEK zum 75. Geburtstag.5 Köln 41, Grafenwerthstraße 88     

Über den Perlziesel (Citellus suslicus Güld.)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Pathologische Erscheinungen morphologischer und physiologischer Natur bei der Kleidermotte,Tineola biselliella Hum.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Detection and molecular characterization of Suid herpesvirus type 1 in Austrian wild boar and hunting dogs

Aujeszky's disease (AD), caused by Suid herpesvirus type 1 (SuHV-1), is an economically important disease in domestic swine. Thus, rigorous control programmes have been implemented and consecutively AD in domestic swine was successfully eradicated in many countries, including Austria. However, SuHV-1 continues to thrive in wild boar populations, as indicated by high seroprevalences in a number of European countries and by occasional cases of AD in hunting dogs. For the first time, SuHV-1 was detected in Austrian wild boar and a molecular characterization of SuHV-1 isolated from wild boar and hunting dogs was performed. Results of preliminary serological analyses suggest a regional SuHV-1 seroprevalence of over 30% in free-living and almost 70% in fenced wild boar from Eastern Austria. Molecular typing of Austrian SuHV-1 isolates of wild boar origin revealed the presence of two genetically distinct variants of SuHV-1, both capable of infecting dogs that have been exposed to infected wild boar during hunting.     

Methods for determining the vapour pressure of active ingredients used in crop protection. Part IV. An improved thermogravimetric determination based on evaporation rate

The vapour pressure of thermally stable substances can be determined easily at ambient pressure using the evaporation rate method. It is possible to measure the evaporation by thermogravimetry in the temperature range from 30°C to 800°C. Vapour pressures as low as 10^?10 Pa (10^?12 mbar) can be determined with excellent reproducibility.     

Use of immunochemical techniques for the analysis of pesticides

Immunochemical assays for small molecules such as pesticides are rapidly gaining acceptance among analytical chemists. These techniques are rapid, sensitive, cost effective and can easily cope with large sample loads. This review lists the advantages and disadvantages of the technique and describes the steps in assay development using examples from this laboratory, particularly the thiocarbamate herbicide molinate and the triazine herbicides. The focus is primarily on hapten synthesis strategies, assay format considerations, sample preparation and assay validation.