水稻-稻瘟菌(Magnaporthe grisea)相互作用的细胞生物学研究

 在植物一病原菌非亲和性互作中,病菌感染后寄主细胞中会发生一系列与植物抗病性相关的事件。这些事件在时间和空间上与寄主细胞坏死和病原菌的受抑制密切相关,因而人们推测这些事件在植物抗病性中具有重要的意义。     

水稻受稻瘟病菌侵染后过氧化物酶定位的超微观察

 利用联苯胺蓝（3，3'-diaminobenzidine, DAB）染色法原位检测了水稻 稻瘟病菌互作过程中H2O2和过氧化物酶被诱导产生和积累的过程。结果表明在病原菌接种后，水稻叶鞘内表皮细胞在伤口、气孔保卫细胞及病菌侵染点等3种情况下可以检测到染色反应。在水稻-稻瘟病菌非亲和性互作中，H2O2产生和过氧化物酶活性上升快，并逐渐积累到较高的水平；而在亲和性互作反应中，H2O2产生和过氧化物酶活性上升被延迟，积累水平较低。超微结构研究表明，在非亲和性互作反应中，过氧化物酶主要定位于被侵染寄主细胞的细胞壁、细胞质、细胞膜、侵染菌丝周围及由膜系统构成的囊泡膜上；而在亲和性互作反应中，早期（接种后16 h）几乎难以观察到过氧化物酶的聚集，后期（接种后30 h）过氧化物酶聚集增多，但仍明显低于非亲和性互作反应。     

茶园滴灌施肥的增产提质及土壤养分效应研究

以常规施肥作为对照,设计3个不同氮素用量(450、300、150 kg/hm2),研究了茶园滴灌施肥对茶叶产量、品质及土壤养分性状的影响。结果表明,滴灌施肥处理比对照增产3.4%～9.3%,施氮量与产量间呈明显正相关,以年施氮量300～450 kg/hm2产量较高,滴灌施肥对茶叶品质影响不显著。滴灌施肥处理成熟叶含氮量显著高于对照,且季节性差异明显,秋茶﹥夏茶﹥春茶,滴灌施肥可促进茶树对氮素的吸收利用。施肥方式对土壤pH值影响显著,滴灌施肥处理土壤pH值明显高于对照,可能因其氮素利用率较高而有助于减弱无机氮对土壤的酸化作用。     

茶园土壤高活性氨化菌的筛选鉴定及特性研究

经过菌株富集培养、分离纯化等一系列步骤,从山东茶园土壤中分离出33株氨化细菌菌株。经过活性比较和菌株分类,从中选出3株不同种属的高活性菌株。通过对其进行形态特征、生理生化指标的测定及16 S rDNA测序,初步鉴定菌株SNT3属于芽孢杆菌属,菌株SNT6属于微小杆菌属,菌株SNT33属于不动杆菌属。同时对菌株的生长环境以及氨化活性进行了初步研究。结果表明:菌株SNT3、SNT6和SNT33适宜的pH依次为5～8.5、6～8.5、5～7;3株菌株的最适宜生长温度为35℃;在氨化能力方面,菌株SNT3高于菌株SNT6、SNT33。     

不同菠菜基因型氮素吸收与利用效率的差异及其评价

以30个菠菜基因型为材料,采用水培方法评价其在低氮(2mmol/L)和高氮(10mmol/L)水平下对氮素吸收与利用效率的差异。结果表明,供试菠菜基因型在2个氮水平下氮素吸收和利用效率的相关指标均存在显著差异。在高氮水平下,菠菜地上部干质量、含氮量、氮累积量和氮素吸收效率显著高于低氮水平;而氮素利用效率和氮素利用效率指数明显低于低氮水平。其中地上部干质量在低氮和高氮条件下均具有较大的变异系数,可以作为同一供氮水平下氮效率(NUE)的重要评价指标,而地上部氮累积量、氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率指数的变异系数也较高,且与地上部干质量具有极显著的正相关,故可作为菠菜氮效率的辅助评价指标。根据不同菠菜基因型在低氮和高氮条件下低于或高于供试基因型地上部干质量的平均值作为氮低效基因型和氮高效基因型,所筛选出的氮高效基因型在低氮和高氮水平下均具有较高的地上部干质量、地上部氮累积量、氮素吸收效率、氮素利用效率和氮素利用效率指数。通径分析表明,氮素吸收效率在2个氮水平下对菠菜氮效率的贡献明显高于氮素利用效率,但氮素利用效率对氮效率也有一定的贡献。由此可见,在菠菜氮高效品种的选育工作中应协同提高低氮和高氮条件下氮素的吸收和利用效率。     

透湿性反光膜和秸秆覆盖对越橘果实品质形成的影响

以南高丛越橘品种奥尼尔(O'Neal)和兔眼越橘品种杰兔(Premier)为试材,研究透湿性反光膜、秸秆覆盖处理对越橘果实生长发育期间品质变化的影响.结果表明,越橘园覆盖反光膜和秸秆处理,其单果重大于对照,可溶性固形物、还原糖含量也高于对照.反光膜覆盖处理的果实可滴定酸、有机酸含量显著降低,秸秆覆盖处理的果实可滴定酸、有机酸含量亦略有降低.对于果实花色苷含量,反光膜覆盖处理最高,秸秆覆盖处理居其次,而对照最低.     

环境条件对重阳木生长的影响

对重阳木以通径分析方法分析其生长状况与环境条件的关系。结果表明:多行的重阳木与其生长状况呈较强的正相关关系,除直接作用外,根系半深埋,根系损害以及地面硬化等均可通过其对生长状况产生影响;根系正常与冠幅生长相关性较强,除直接作用外,多行,根系伤害以及地面硬化程度均可通过其对冠幅生长产生影响;单行的重阳木与树干生长关系密切,除直接作用外,根系深埋、根系伤害程度以及地面硬化程度均可通过其对树干生长产生影响;根系深埋推迟发芽时间,除直接作用外,单行以及地面硬化均可通过其对发芽时间产生影响。     

鸭IgG的研究进展及Fc段的遗传进化分析

IgG(IgY)是鸭卵黄中的唯一免疫球蛋白。根据GenBank发表的鸭的IgG Fc段的核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列,和多种动物进行遗传进化分析。得出鸭与鸡的核苷酸同源性分别为67.9%,与其他所列哺乳动物的核苷酸同源性集中在40%～52%之间。鸭与鸡的氨基酸同源性57.5%,与其他所列哺乳动物的氨基酸同源性集中在34%～43%之间。进化树结果显示鸭的IgG Fc段基因与鸡此段基因具有较近的亲缘关系。     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

马铃薯新品种—秦芋32号选育

秦芋32号(原代号:康0102-5)是2000年以秦芋30号作母本,89-1优系作父本,有性杂交获得实生种子,经育种圃、鉴定圃选育而成。2011年3月申报国家农作物品种审定委员会待审,2011年10月通过审定。2007～2009年参加国家级马铃薯品种中晚熟西南组繁种及区域试验;2010年国家西南组生产试验平均产量1 443 kg/667 m2,比对照米拉增产12.5%。块茎干物质含量18.5%、淀粉含量11.8%,Vc含量14.2 mg/100 g,还原糖含量0.29%,粗蛋白含量2.1%。抗病性接种鉴定:中抗PVX和PVY,抗晚疫病。