配方成本优化综述

所谓配方成本优化,就是利用先进的技术和手段来控制和降低配方成本,进行优化设计和筛选,达到配方成本最低。 1 制订和使用最低成本配方最低成本配方的实现是利用电子计算机将一些数据,如:所需原料的营养含量,畜禽对各种营养     

反倾销与我国的产业结构调整

倾销、反倾销在经济学上的意义。国际贸易中的倾销可分为两种形式：一是价格歧视，即对成本差别不大的同一种产品，在两个以上的市场上以较大差别的价格销售；二是惊夺性定价，指企业以低于成本的价格销售产品，目的是击败竞争对手，取得市场支配地位后再提高价格，从而取得垄断利润。     

Genetic relationship, inbreeding and generation interval in registered Gir cattle in Brazil

SUMMARY: Two-hundred random pedigrees of cows and fifty of sires born in 1987 from the Gir herdbook of the Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders were analized. The bull Chave de Ouro DGR no. 2851 was the most influential animal with a 7% direct relationship to the breed. Total average inbreeding was 3.62 and 3.25 for the female and male sample, respectively. The subdivision of total inbreeding into current and non-current components resulted in values of 1.62, 1.25, 2.00 and 2.00 for the female and male sample, respectively. Long-term inbreeding was the principal component of non-current inbreeding, with values of 1.52% and 1.26%, respectively. Inbreeding due to strain formation strain due formation was less important (0.48% and 0.74%, respectively). The average generation interval was 8.02 years. The breed appears not yet to be subdivided into strains but this process may be starting. The average generation interval for the pedigree population was very high. Culling of old bulls could decrease this interval. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Verwandtschaft, Inzucht und Generationsintervall bei Gir Herdbuchrindern in Brasilien 200 zuf?llige Stammb?ume von Kühen und 50 von 1987 geborenen Stieren wurden vom Gir Herdbuch des brasilianischen Zebu Zuchtverbandes genommen. Der Stier Chave de Ouro DGR Nr. 2851 war das einflu?reichste Tier mit einer 7%igen direkten Verwandtschaft zur Rasse. Der gesamte Inzuchtkoeffizient war 3.6 und 3.25% für die weibliche und m?nnliche Stichprobe. Die Unterteilung der gesamten Inzucht in laufende und nicht laufende Komponenten resultierte in Werten von 1.62, 1.25, 2.0, 2.0 für die weibliche und die m?nnliche Stichprobe. Langfristige Inzucht war die Hauptursache für Nicht-Rezente Inzucht mit Werten von 1.5 und 1.26. Inzucht aufgrund von Linienbildung war weniger wichtig (0.48% und 0.74%). Das durchschnittliche Generationsintervall war 8.02 Jahre. Die Rasse scheint noch nicht in Linien unterteilt zu sein, aber dieser Proze? k?nnte begonnen haben. Das durchschnittliche Generationsintervall ist mit 8.02 Jahren sehr hoch. Nichtverwendung alter Stiere k?nnte dieses Intervall verkürzen.     

Computer Simulation for Analysing the Melting Action of Mould Powders During Continuous Casting

When analysing the performance of casting powders in a specific casting machine, the thickness of liquid slag is a very important parameter. If the liquid slag thickness is not kept above a certain minimum value during the continuous casting operation,the surface and internal quality of the cast products will be jeopardised because lubrication between the strand and the mould is impaired . It is necessary, therefore , to choose the appropriate type of mould powder .In the industrial experiments, it is very difficult and expensive to study this sensitivity by introducing controlled variation in one parameter while keeping all the other constant. Numerical and computer simulation methods are used in the study .They can predict the liquid slag thickness developed above the liquid steel and distribution of the temperature. The sensitivity of the liquid slag thickness to variations can be determined in the material properties of the mould powders.     

Internet Telerobotics and Its Applications

According to a new trend of telerobot control, some key techniues are researched to solve the Internet telerobotics , such as distributed intelligent computation on the Internet, human-computer interface,and Internet-robot interface etc.The current development status of the Internet telerobotics is reviewed. Based on the new directions of the network software development, the authors discuss that the middleware technique CORBA plays an important role in solving the problems of the Internet telerobotics,and it is an effective way to use Java language to control the telerobot and improve its system performance. The application perspective of the Internet telerobotics is investigated.It is indicated that the development trend of the telerobot control is a human-centred collaboration mechanism of mutual reinforce and coordination in human-machine intelligent.     

厢式运输车前轮主销后倾角改进设计

基于轮胎侧偏特性建立前轮转向后回正力矩数学模型 ,根据转向轮回正力矩与回正阻力力矩平衡方程式 ,计算了 5 0 2 1型厢式运输车主销后倾角 ,按照国标 GB/T6 32 3.4 - 94的要求做了转向回正试验 ,验证了理论分析和设计计算的正确性 ,为前轮定位参数中主销后倾角的设计提供理论参考。     

基于介电特性的水果成熟度无损检测研究进展

介绍了近年来应用在水果的成熟度判定和品质筛选上的一种无损检测技术——介电特性检测技术,详细介绍了介电特性测定水果成熟度的基本原理、介电特性测量技术及各测量技术的优缺点,综述了平行极板技术与同轴探头技术在水果成熟度检测上的应用。同时,指出了目前我国在该领域研究中存在的问题和今后的研究重点。      

西瓜耐冷性鉴定指标的筛选

旨为分析不同西瓜品种在发芽期的耐冷特性、苗期的生长特性、光合作用及生理生化方面的差异,筛选出西瓜耐冷性的综合鉴定指标和鉴定方法,为实际生产上选育耐冷性的西瓜种质资源提供依据。通过对12份西瓜材料进行耐冷性比较,初步筛选出3个耐冷性不同的西瓜材料,对这3个材料进行低温处理。结果表明：不同处理时间下,各品种的冷害指数有差异。通过测定处理6d和8d时的冷害指数,得出各品种耐低温性强弱,从中选出耐低温性品种红野一号、中等耐低温性品种抗病苏蜜和冷敏感品种橙兰。15℃低温条件下,耐冷性品种红野一号的发芽率、相对发芽率、胚根长及相对胚根长最高。15℃可作为西瓜种子发芽期耐低温性鉴定的适宜温度;种子的始发芽日期、相对发芽率、相对胚根长可作为西瓜芽期耐低温鉴定指标。三叶一心的西瓜幼苗低温处理后,植株的生长量降低,光合速率下降,植株叶片的酶活性增加,MDA含量上升,各指标的变化幅度与低温处理强度及品种自身耐冷性相关。得出植株的株高、叶面积、株鲜质量、根干质量、净光合速率( Pn)、Chl a/b比值、MDA含量的变化幅度可作为西瓜耐低温品种筛选的鉴定指标。     

小果型无籽西瓜新品种小玉无籽的选育

小玉无籽是以自交系HN24-451为母本、以自交系HN24-WS-1为父本配制的三倍体无籽西瓜杂种一代.小玉无籽早熟,果实发育期32 ～35d;果实圆球形,果皮浅绿色、覆细网纹,单果重1.8 ～2.4 kg,果皮厚0.8～1.0 cm,瓜瓤红色,中心折光糖含量10.0％ ～11.9％,边缘折光糖含量7.2％～9.1％;肉质脆酥,汁多爽口,风味好;白色秕子小而嫩,无籽性好.该品种适宜江苏省在春季大棚内栽培.