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Adams Alison B. Pontius Jennifer Galford Gillian Gudex-Cross David 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(10):2401-2419
Landscape Ecology - Understanding how the Northern Forest landscape has changed and is likely to change, both in terms of forest extent and forest configuration, has important implications for... 相似文献
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Harati Saeed Perez Liliana Molowny-Horas Roberto Pontius Robert Gilmore 《Landscape Ecology》2021,36(10):2919-2935
Landscape Ecology - Validation of models of Land Use and Cover Change often involves comparing maps of simulated and reference change. The interpretation of differences between simulated and... 相似文献
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Robert Gilmore Pontius Jr. Anna J. Versluis Nicholas R. Malizia 《Landscape Ecology》2006,21(7):1151-1166
This article presents a method to estimate and to visualize the certainty of land change models as they extrapolate beyond
the time interval for which empirical data exist. The method to project the certainty relies on measurements of model performance
during a validation run with historic data and on the assumption that the model’s accuracy approaches randomness as it predicts
farther into the future. A land change model typically predicts each pixel as exactly one category for each year. This article
presents a technique to convert those predictions into conditional probabilities. As an example, we use the model Geomod to
extrapolate forest change over a century for the Plum Island Ecosystems, which is a Long Term Ecological Research site of
the United States’ National Science Foundation. Geomod uses calibration information between 1971 and 1985 in order to predict
the changes from 1985 to 1999, at which point the validation procedure measures the model’s predictive accuracy. Then the
model is re-calibrated with information from 1985 to 1999 in order to extrapolate into the future, assuming a business as
usual scenario. As time progresses, the expected accuracy approaches 0.5, which is the probability at which the model’s prediction
is as accurate as a random prediction, since the application involves two categories. The extrapolated accuracy of the prediction
for the entire study area in the year 2097 is 68%. The method is designed to work with any number of categories so it can
be used with a variety of land change models. 相似文献
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Tokar RL Johnson RE Hill TW Pontius DH Kurth WS Crary FJ Young DT Thomsen MF Reisenfeld DB Coates AJ Lewis GR Sittler EC Gurnett DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5766):1409-1412
During the 14 July 2005 encounter of Cassini with Enceladus, the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer measured strong deflections in the corotating ion flow, commencing at least 27 Enceladus radii (27 x 252.1 kilometers) from Enceladus. The Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument inferred little plasma density increase near Enceladus. These data are consistent with ion formation via charge exchange and pickup by Saturn's magnetic field. The charge exchange occurs between neutrals in the Enceladus atmosphere and corotating ions in Saturn's inner magnetosphere. Pickup ions are observed near Enceladus, and a total mass loading rate of about 100 kilograms per second (3 x 10(27) H(2)O molecules per second) is inferred. 相似文献
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D. P. Althoff P. S. Althoff N. D. Lambrecht P. S. Gipson J. S. Pontius P. B. Woodford 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2007,18(3):269-288
Mechanized maneuver training impacts the landscape by creating depressions, compacting soils, producing bare ground areas, transporting seeds of invasive plants, and crushing vegetation. We measured 3 physical, 13 chemical, and 2 biological soil properties and used a disturbance index (DI) based on perceptions of soil conditions on a military installation to assess the condition of 100 × 100 m plots (1 ha): 10 in 2002 and 10 in 2004. Potential DI scores range from 0 (no appreciable evidence of disturbance) to 1 (>95 per cent of the plot disturbed). Bulk density, porosity (%), and water content (%)—all at 5·1–10·0 cm depth, and nematode family richness (NFR) were significantly, negatively correlated (Spearman coefficients, rs) with the DI of both years. The strong negative correlation (rs = −0·69 in 2002, −0·79 in 2004) of NFR with the DI appears to reflect the status of nematode diversity and, therefore, may serve as a useful, inexpensive approach to rapidly assessing grasslands subjected to mechanized military training. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Sangermano Florencia Pontius Robert Gilmore Chaitman Jamieson Meneghini Aaron 《Landscape Ecology》2021,36(9):2707-2723
Landscape Ecology - Evaluation of land cover change (LCC) is commonly done at the pixel level; however, the model’s purpose may be relevant at a different grain size. Thus, the same... 相似文献
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