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1.
Eight genotypes from two different genetic pools (high yielding varieties and landraces) were assessed for grain yield (GY) and for five quality traits: protein content (P), thousand kernel weight (TKW), yellow berry (YB), gluten content (Gc) and gluten index (Gi) in sub-humid and semi-arid areas using four combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers during two cropping seasons. Genotype × Environment × Fertilizers (G × E × F) was significant only for protein content (p < 0.05); and E × F was found significant (p < 0.05) for all parameters. Greater quality related traits expression was noted in the semi-arid areas for both genetic pools. Excessive rainfall in semi-arid areas resulted in gluten elasticity reduction. N-fertilizers seemed to enhance protein content and to reduce thousand kernel weight. K-fertilizer, might enhance the increase in both proteins and thousand kernel weight in favorable growing conditions of water availability. Semolina yielding ability was higher in landraces as compared to high yielding varieties particularly using recommended fertilizer management. This group of cultivars showed superiority over high yielding cultivars for quantitative quality parameters. 相似文献
2.
Ghada Baraket Ahmed Ben Abdelkrim Olfa Saddoud Khaled Chatti Messaoud Mars Mokhtar Trifi Amel Salhi-Hannachi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
The trnL (UAA) intron and the intergenic spacer between the 3′ exon of trnL (UAA) and trnF (GAA) sequences were used as genetic markers for differentiating Ficus carica cultivars and establishing refined genetic relationships. The study was based on 20 fig cultivars, collected from south and centre of Tunisia. Since, the intron was thought to be more variable among close relatives than is the chloroplast spacer. The size of these non-coding regions varied from 554 to 589 and from 989 to 1022 bases pairs for the intron and the combined sequences correspondingly. The average of GC content was 33.9% and 34.6% in the intron and the combined intron and spacer respectively. High values of A + T contents were detected in both data sets and may explain the high proportions of transversions founded. The observed variation pattern of plastid DNA provides evidence of an important genetic diversity. The overall transition/transversion bias (R) was 0.202 in the intron and 0.27 in the combined regions. The RI index of 0.592 indicates that these combined sequences have clearly more homoplasy then the intron (RI = 0.705) and spacer (RI = 0.777) sequences separately. Phylogenetic trees were generated based on maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis of the chloroplast sequences data. Results proved that a typically continuous genetic diversity characterizes the local fig germplasm. In fact, relationships inferred from the cpDNA analysis suggest several clades, which do not show geographical or tree sex correspondence. Although the level of apparent diversity is considerable, we may conclude that non-coding regions of chloroplast genome provide a new and practical opportunity to evaluate genetic diversity and to discriminate fig cultivars. Revealed cytoplasmic DNA markers are reliable to elaborate a molecular data base to conduct management and breeding programs on local fig germplasm. 相似文献
3.
Karim Hosni Kamel Msada Mouna Ben Tarit Olfa Ouchikh Monem Kallel Brahim Marzouk 《Industrial Crops and Products》2008,27(3):308-314
The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Tunisian native Hypericum perfoliatum L. (sect. Drosocarpium Spach.) and Hypericum tomentosum (sect. Adenosepalum Spach.) were analyzed by GC and GC–MS. Thirty-two compounds were identified in the essential oils of H. perfoliatum with α-pinene (13.1%), allo-aromadendrene (11.4%), germacrene-D (10.6%), n-octane (7.3%), α-selinene (6.5%) and β-selinene (5.5%) as main constituents. Sixty-seven components were identified in the oil of H. tomentosum with menthone (17.0%), n-octane (9.9%), β-caryophyllene (5.3%), α-pinene (5.2%), lauric acid (4.1%) and β-pinene (3.7%) as the most abundant components. Both oils were characterized by the presence of many components which could have numerous applications in food, pharmaceutical and perfume industries. 相似文献
4.
Olfa Baâtour Jun Huang Nawel Nasri Imen Ben Salah Imen Tarchoun Maha Zaghdoudi Margaret Y. Gruber Mokhtar Lachaâl Zeineb Ouerghi Abdelali Hannoufa 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(4):641-648
In this study, we report on the relationship between individual antioxidant carotenoids, phenolic fractions, and flavonoids and attenuating NaCl toxicity in two contrasting varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., var. Verte and Romaine), as a means of developing more precise targets for lettuce breeding. In seedling leaves, carotenoid levels increased under NaCl stress in Verte, but remained unchanged in Romaine. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a soluble polyphenol abundantly present in leaves, was the only phenolic acid that accumulated significantly in both varieties and was predominant under salinity. Remarkably, CGA was more prominent in Verte than Romaine at moderate salinity levels (100 mM). Foliar flavonoid levels were also differentially increased in both seedling types grown under 100 mM NaCl, but dropped significantly in both varieties under 200 mM NaCl. Germination, which was overall more salt‐resistant in Romaine, was significantly increased under salt stress by application of low dosage (10–6 to10–5 M) of CGA to Verte, but not to Romaine. These results suggest that CGA is involved in modulating NaCl‐induced oxidative‐stress responses during seed germination in Verte. 相似文献
5.
Nesrine Gargouch Fatma Elleuch Ines Karkouch Olfa Tabbene Chantal Pichon Christine Gardarin Christophe Rihouey Luc Picton Slim Abdelkafi Imen Fendri Cline Laroche 《Marine drugs》2021,19(2)
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from marine microalgae are promising sources of a new generation of drugs. However, lot of them remain to be discovered and tested. In this study, EPS produced by Porphyridium marinum and its oligomers prepared by High Pressure Homogenizer have been tested for different biological activities, i.e., antibacterial, anti-fungal and antibiofilm activities on Candida albicans, as well as for their effects on the viability of murine breast cancer cells. Results have shown that all EPS samples present some biological activity. For antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, the native EPS exhibited a better efficiency with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) from 62.5 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL depending on the bacterial strain. For Candida albicans, the biofilm formation was reduced by about 90% by using only a 31.3 µg/mL concentration. Concerning breast cancer cells, lower molar masses fractions appeared to be more efficient, with a reduction of viability of up to 55%. Finally, analyses of polymers composition and viscosity measurements were conducted on all samples, in order to propose hypotheses involving the activities caused by the intrinsic properties of polymers. 相似文献
6.
Yassine Hidri Olfa Fourti Saifeddine Eturki Naceur Jedidi Abdelkarim Charef Abdennaceur Hassen 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(1):155-163
Purpose
Water shortage in most countries of the southern Mediterranean basin has led to the reuse of municipal wastewater for irrigation. Despite numerous advantages for soil fertility and crop productivity, recycling wastewater in the soil also has several ecotoxicological and sanitary problems. To evaluate the chronic soil contamination and the cumulative impact of wastewater, we compared seven plot sites irrigated with treated wastewater 1, 2, 7, 9, 13, and 15 years and one nonirrigated taken as control, and these were sampled for soil analysis.Materials and methods
Soil samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total organic matter, and total concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Cd. Microbial biomass and enteric bacteria (fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci) were determined in all soil samples.Results and discussion
The soil pH values were not consistently affected. Soil salinity, measured as EC, appeared significantly high and proportional to the duration of wastewater irrigation. Also, concentrations of total Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd increased significantly (P?≤?0.05) according to the number of irrigation years but are usually under Tunisian standards. The concentration of heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) showed a significant decrease in the soil profile. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) is 1.5 times larger in the soil irrigated for 15 years with treated wastewater as compared to the one taken as control. The growth of microorganisms might be explained by the ready source of easily degradable compounds in the oligotrophic soil environment brought about by wastewater irrigation. Soil bacteriological analysis showed that the number of fecal coliforms (FC) and that of fecal streptococci (FS) were affected appreciably (P?≤?0.05) by the duration of wastewater application (number of years) and by the soil depth (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm).Conclusions
Treated wastewater irrigation led to changes in physicochemical and microbiological soil properties. The magnitude and specificity of these changes significantly correlated with the duration of such practice. It can be concluded, based on these results, that the proper management of wastewater irrigation and periodic monitoring of soil fertility and quality parameters are required to ensure successful, safe, and long-term reuse of wastewater irrigation. 相似文献7.
Daniele Masseroni Arianna Facchi Marco Romani Enrico Antonio Chiaradia Olfa Gharsallah Claudio Gandolfi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2015,13(4):405-424
About 90 % of the global rice production takes place in Asia, while European production is quantitatively modest. Italy is the Europe’s leading producer, with over half of total production concentrated in a large, traditional paddy rice area in the north of the country. High irrigation requirement for continuous flooding encourages the adoption of water saving techniques. In 2013, an intense monitoring activity was conducted on two fields characterized by continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation regimes, with the aim of comparing their agronomical and hydrological effects, including their influence on the energy balance. An eddy covariance station was installed on the levee between the two fields, to monitor latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes as a function of wind direction. Additionally, the fields were instrumented with net radiometers, soil heat flux (G) plates, thermistors, tensiometers, and multilevel moisture probes. Three footprint models were applied to determine position and size of the footprint area at each monitoring time step, providing similar results. Two half-hourly turbulent fluxes datasets were obtained, one for each irrigation regime, each one comprising about 10 % of the daytime time steps over the agricultural season. The reliability of the monitoring performed with a single EC station was confirmed by the energy balance closure (H + LE versus Rn-G), showing an imbalance lower than 10 % for both the regimes. A detailed analysis of the effect of the storage terms on the ground heat flux estimation and a more thorough analysis of the radiation balance for the two plots were also performed. 相似文献
8.
Hela Mahmoudi Raouia Ben Massoud Olfa Baatour Imen Tarchoune Imen Ben Salah Nawel Nasri 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1910-1922
Seeds of lettuce, variety Romaine were subjected to different priming treatments such as water, potassium nitrate (KNO3) and gibberellic acid (GA3). Seedlings obtained from primed (Pr) and nonprimed (NP) seeds were grown in a hydroponic culture system supplemented with 0, 100 or 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl). The different physiological and biochemical responses were studied 15 days after treatment. Under NaCl, the dry weight was higher in plants derived from hydro-primed (HP) seeds when compared to NP, osmoprimed (KNO3P), and hormonal primed (GA3P) ones. Under control and 100 mM NaCl treatment, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and EL did not show any correlation with activities of gaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT), but did with the increase in reduced ascorbate (AsA) and total ascorbate contents. The results indicated that plants derived from HP seeds exhibited higher adaptive potential under salinity stress. Our findings suggest that a hydropriming technique can be used as a simple commercial approach to alleviate the effects of NaCl induced stress in lettuce plants. 相似文献
9.
Mokhtar Guerfel Olfa Baccouri Dalenda Boujnah Wided Chaïbi Mokhtar Zarrouk 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
Leaf structural adaptations for the reduction of water loss were examined in two olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars (Chemlali and Chétoui) growing under water stress conditions. Leaf measurements included leaf tissue thickness, stomatal density, trichome density, specific leaf area, leaf density, water relations, and gas exchange. We found considerable genotypic differences between the two cultivars. Chemlali exhibited more tolerance to water stress, with a thicker palisade parenchyma, and a higher stomatal and trichome density. Chemlali leaves also revealed lower specific leaf area and had higher density of foliar tissue and lower reduction in net CO2 assimilation rate. The mechanisms employed by these two cultivars to cope with water deficit are discussed at the morpho-structural level. The morphological and structural characteristics of the leaves are in accordance with physiological observations and contribute to the interpretation of why the olive cv. Chemlali is more drought-tolerant than cv. Chetoui. Furthermore, from the behaviour of Chemlali plants we consider this cultivar very promising for cultivation in semi-arid areas. 相似文献
10.
Olfa Shaiek Denis Loustau Pierre Trichet Céline Meredieu Beya Bachtobji Salah Garchi Mohamed Hédi EL Aouni 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(3):443-452