Effect of Collection Rhythms and Season on Rabbit Semen Production

The effects of collection regimen and time of year on rabbit semen production were determined in this study. A total of 14 crossbreed Hyla bucks were used in winter and summer. In each season, rabbits were assigned to two groups. In group 1, (n = 7) rabbits were subjected to an extensive collection regimen (two ejaculates per male, once daily/week) and in group 2, (n = 7) a semi‐intensive semen collection regimen was performed (two ejaculates per male, twice weekly). The traits recorded for each sample were libido, volume, pH, motility, sperm concentration, percentage of alive spermatozoa and sperm abnormalities. The results obtained in this study indicate that when increasing collection frequency, the rate of useful collections decreased (from 0.81 ± 0.017 to 0.69 ± 0.016; p < 0.01). The rate of useful collection also decreased in the transition from winter to summer (from 0.79 ± 0.018 to 0.70 ± 0.017; p < 0.01). Among the ejaculate characteristics studied, only volume/ejaculate (from 0.64 ± 0.015 to 0.53 ± 0.017; p < 0.01) and spermatozoa/ml (from 406 ± 15 to 359 ± 13 million; p < 0.01) appeared negatively affected by collection. In winter fewer volume/ejaculates were produced (0.55 ± 0.015 vs 0.60 ± 0.016 ml; p < 0.01) and fewer spermatozoa/ml (360 ± 14 vs 394 ± 16 million; p < 0.01) than in summer. The doses produced per ejaculate decreased as collection frequency increased, but the number of doses produced per week was higher in the semi‐intensive than the extensive rhythm (26.5 ± 2.1 vs 20.9 ± 1.5; p < 0.01). The results suggest that a semi‐intensive rhythm may be viewed favourably.     

Different biological behaviour of Waldenström macroglobulinemia in two dogs

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia is a low‐grade immunosecretory disorder associated with lymphoid tumours, which is rarely reported in veterinary medicine. In this study, we describe two clinical cases of this rare syndrome in dogs, each characterized by a different onset and clinical course. In one case, a hyperacute onset and aggressive behaviour of the neoplasm was observed. Absolute serum viscosity (SV) was retrospectively evaluated in order to explain clinical findings. Rotational viscosimetry showed good precision in measuring SV. Both dogs had SV values higher than a control groups of healthy dogs although only one subject developed hyperviscosity symptoms and complications. At high paraprotein concentrations, a slight reduction of the M‐component was associated with a marked decrease in SV. Thus, this work suggests that SV assessment is a relevant tool for managing monoclonal gammopathies, whose usefulness should be further confirmed in larger cohorts of dogs.     

Biosynthesis of Depsipeptide Mycotoxins in Fusarium

The cyclic hexadepsipeptide enniatin is known as a phytopathogenic compound from Fusaria causing necrosis and wilt. The molecule consists of three alternating residues each of a branched chain amino acid and D-hydroxyisovaleric acid (D-Hiv). Enniatins are synthesized by a 347kDa multienzyme (enniatin synthetase) via a thiol template mechanism. The corresponding gene esyn1 has an open reading frame of 9393 nucleotides and harbours two modules, one responsible for D-hydroxy acid activation and one for L-amino acid activation with an integrated N-methyltransferase domain. Such methyltransferases build an homologous group among N-methyl peptide synthetases. Enniatins are synthesized by step-wise condensation of dipeptidol building blocks in an iterative manner resembling fatty acid synthesis. A key enzyme in enniatin biosynthesis is the NADPH-dependent D-2-hydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase, that supplies enniatin synthetase with D-Hiv. Enniatins contribute to the wilt toxic character of Fusaria. Virulence was significantly reduced in F. avenaceum after disruption of the esyn1 gene.     

Use of computer tomography for imaging of Crassicauda grampicola in a Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus).

A mature male Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) stranded along the coasts of Friuli Venezia Giulia, northeast Italy, in May 2001. Parasitic infection with Crassicauda grampicola is often found in the tympanic bullae and pterygoid sinuses in many of the Risso's dolphins examined from the same area. For this reason, it was decided to perform computed tomography of the head to assess this imaging technique for the diagnosis of crassicaudosis in dolphins. A full postmortem examination confirmed the pathologic findings of the computed tomography scan. This technique can be considered a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of cranial crassicaudosis in live dolphins.     

江苏某地区稻虾蟹综合种养模式下养殖水和产品中农药残留与风险评价

为掌握江苏省某地区稻田综合种养基地内（“稻-蟹”及“稻-虾”）养殖水环境及水产品中的农药残留特征与生态风险及健康风险,利用三重四极杆气质联用仪（GC-MS/MS）,选择6个养殖区,根据生长周期,跟踪监测养殖水环境及同期水产品（虾、蟹）中208种农药残留情况,并根据商值法对养殖水环境进行生态风险评价,利用食用安全风险指数对水产品进行食用安全分析。结果表明：综合种养模式下,水环境中检出农药的主要类型为除草剂、杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂等,平均质量分数为0.33 μg·L^-1,同时有少量杀虫剂、杀螨剂、增效剂有检出;在整个生长周期内,稻虾、稻蟹农药残留的主要类型为除草剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和植物生长调节剂,平均质量分数为6.1 μg·kg^-1 （以湿质量计）。养殖水环境中农药主要来源于养殖前期环境中残留或外源性污染,随着养殖时间延长,农药含量整体趋向于减少,通过对养殖水环境生态风险进行分析,发现各抽样点位联合风险商值（RQ）均在0~1之间,属于中风险,对环境仍具有一定的压力,除草剂等类型农药应引起重视;在监测周期内,水产品中大部分农药的残留量逐渐减少直至未检出,仅有部分点位杀菌剂有少量存在,通过对同期虾、蟹的健康风险进行分析发现,平均食品安全指数远小于1,农药残留的食品安全风险可以接受。     

酸性染料在桦木中的渗透与吸附

采用扫描电镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱分析手段研究了木材染色过程中染料在桦木中的渗透与附着过程:当染料质量分数较高时,在放大1 500倍的SEM照片中观察到大量染料分子发生聚集,较多地吸附在单板表层;而当染料质量分数较低时,则观察不到染料分子。这种情况同时发生在单板芯层。在试验中,用肉眼观察到的颜色变化证明了单板已经吸附了染料分子。通过对染色过程中酸性橙Ⅱ的脱附和FTIR谱图分析可以推断,酸性橙Ⅱ与桦木的结合是以物理吸附为主,但这种吸附力较弱,染料较易流失。     

半定量RT-PCR方法研究microRNA393在旱处理后的孕穗期水稻叶片和穗部的表达情况

microRNAs是新近发现的一类具有重要功能的小分子RNA.研究表明,一些miRNAs与植物抗逆反应相关.本文使用半定量RT-PCR的方法,研究了miR393在旱处理后的孕穗期水稻叶片和穗部的表达情况.结果发现,miR393在胁迫后的叶片和穗部表达上调.同时也发现,miR393在胁迫前后穗部的表达略高于其在叶片中的表达.实验结果也表明,半定量RT-PCR适用于分析miRNAs的表达.     

猪GPX5基因、FUT1基因和NCOA1基因的多态性分析

采用PCR-RFLP法对大自猪、杜洛克、长白猪、民猪和野家杂交猪的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶5(Glutathion-Peroxidase 5,GPX5)基因、岩藻糖转移酶1(Fucosyltransferase1,FUT1)基因和核受体辅激活蛋白1(Nuclear receptor co-aetivator 1,NCOA1)基因进行多态性检测,结果表明:GPX5基因用Hinf I酶切可获得3种基因型,FUT1基因用Hha I酶切可获得3种基因型,NCOA1基因用Rsa I酶切可获得3种基因型.同时对不同基因的基因型频率和基因频率进行计算,并分析相应基因的遗传效应.     

20%咪鲜胺·异菌脲悬浮剂的高效液相色谱分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法分析20%咪鲜胺·异菌脲悬浮剂,使用C18反相柱和紫外可变波长检测器,以甲醇 水为流动相,用外标法对有效成分进行分析和定量。咪鲜胺和异菌脲标准偏差分别为0.055和0.021变异系数分别为0.53%和0.19%。平均回收率分别为98.95%和99.10%。