我国大蒜产业现状及发展对策

大蒜是一种经济作物。我国大蒜种植历史悠久,目前以大蒜产业为主要收入的农户有千万人以上;在国际市场上,我国大蒜占据超过60%的份额,是世界上最大的大蒜生产国和消费国。然而,随着经济的发展,大蒜产业在发展过程中逐渐暴露出许多问题。本文针对我国大蒜产业的现状和问题,提出了解决对策,为我国调整大蒜产业发展结构提供理论依据。     

水保综合治理已成为新县经济发展的重要支撑

新县是一个集“老、边、贫”为一体的国家级山区贫困县,水土流失面积达1 411 km2,治理前年均土壤侵蚀模数达3 340 t/km2。截至2002年,全县初步完成水土保持综合治理面积751 km2,年均土壤侵蚀模数下降到1 250 t/km2。通过综合治理,新增有效灌溉面积12.6万亩,新增旱涝保收田8.4万亩,兴修道路600多km,农村解决人畜饮水5 000多处,75%的农户用上了自来水,65%的农户翻盖了砖瓦房,极大地改变了农村面貌,已有90%以上的农民解决了温饱、摆脱了贫困,开始走向致富道路。针对存在的问题,提出了加快该县水土保持事业发展的建议。     

Effects of non-excitatory electric stimulation on cardiac function in normal and infarcted heart rabbits and it's regional effect on myocardium

AIM: To investigate the influences of electric stimulation applied during the absolute refractory period (ARP) on the cardiac function of normal rabbits and rabbits after myocardial infarction (MI) and to observe the regional effects of this electric stimulation. METHODS: 64 rabbits were randomly assigned to normal and MI groups and each group was then divided into the anterior and posterior groups. A thoracotomy was performed 4 weeks after MI in rabbits. One set of electrodes was inserted into the anterior and posterior wall of left ventricle of the anterior and posterior groups, respectively. Current pulses were delivered during the ARP (called CCM) during sinus rhythm in rabbits. The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP) as well as maximum positive and negative left ventricular pressure change (±dp/dt_max) were observed. RESULTS: In the normal and MI groups, LVSP, +dp/dt_max significantly increased, and LVEDP, -dp/dt_max were reduced during CCM stimulation compared with the baseline (P<0.05). In the normal rabbits, electric stimulation in the anterior group improved the cardiac function more significantly than that in the posterior group (P<0.05). In the MI rabbits, there was no difference between the anterior and the posterior groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Electric stimulation delivered during the ARP significantly enhances the contractility and the relaxation of myocardium in normal rabbits and rabbits after MI, and the effects of CCM stimulation on heart are regional.     

乌骨鸡肉及组织中土霉素、四环素残留量研究

利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定乌骨鸡胸肉、腿肉、心、肝、肾、肌胃组织中的土霉素、四环素残留量.结果表明,土霉素、四环素标准品浓度在8.2～262.5 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,土霉素线性方程为^y=19 392.82x-22.90(r=0.999 48),四环素线性方程为^y=14 089.84x-33.34(r=0.998 88).乌骨鸡胸肉的土霉素加样回收率平均为89.84%,RSD=1.03%;四环素加样回收率平均为90.65%,RSD=1.05%.     

Involvement of the autophagy-related gene BdATG8 in development and pathogenicity in Botryosphaeria dothidea

Botryosphaeria dothidea is a destructive fungal pathogen that causes Botryosphaeria canker and fruit ring rot on apple worldwide. Autophagy is a process of self-degradation that maintains intracellular homeostasis via lysosomal pathway.To date, the biological role of autophagy in B. dothidea remains unknown. In this study, we identified and characterized the autophagy-related gene BdATG8 in B. dothidea. BdATG8 was able to restore the defect in nitrogen starvation tolerance of Saccharomyces cerev...     

EMS诱变玉米自交系郑58后代变异分析及应用评价

种子是农业的“芯片”,是保障粮食安全的根本,农业种质资源又被称为“种业芯片”。因此,引进、创制和丰富种质资源是攻克“卡脖子”技术的关键,通过人工诱变是种质资源创新的一个重要途径。利用0.67 mg/L EMS诱变玉米自交系郑58花粉,构建1 650个株系的玉米突变体库,从M₂和M₃后代筛选到包括生育期、株型、叶型、穗型、粒型、叶色、轴色、育性等多个农艺性状突变体,表型变异率约为9.6%。结果表明,具有育种应用潜能的代表性材料有Z330、Z641和Z1433等,可供用于选育矮秆、低穗位、耐密植、抗倒伏型新品种;Z636、Z848和Z930等新种质材料可用于测配或改良玉米穗型、粒型、轴色、粒色及品质性状。     

基于脉冲耦合神经网络的蝗虫图像分割

由于脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)特有的脉冲传播特性,PCNN在图像处理与模式识别领域得到了广泛应用.为此,提出了如何用脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)进行蝗虫图像分割.计算机仿真表明,采用PCNN图像预处理算法,可使图像中的目标(蝗虫)易于被发现;经PCNN预处理后,相同的后续处理效果明显好于未经PCNN预处理的图像.此方法验证了PCNN在图像处理方面的功能,同时也拓展了蝗虫侦测的方法.     

虚拟仿真技术在动物生产学实验教学中的应用

虚拟仿真技术是利用计算机和多媒体平台,模拟真实的实验条件和环境,实现情景和操作条件再现的一项新型信息技术,不受场地、时空、设备和危险性等因素影响,是新农科和现代畜牧业教学发展的趋势。本文以动物生产学实验教学为例,介绍了实验教学的现状和虚拟仿真技术在学科中的优势,详尽分析了虚拟仿真教学系统的构建,虚拟仿真技术在猪,禽,牛羊和特种动物教学中应用情况和存在的问题,并对动物生产实验教学未来虚拟仿真技术的应用和发展提出了建议。     

论高校图书馆副馆长的任职艺术

图书馆副馆长是馆长的参谋和助手,必须有事业心和平常心,不断努力提高自身素质,充分发挥聚合力和牵引力,掌握一定的策略和艺术,协助馆长做好各项工作。