柑桔园微喷灌之益处

美国佛罗里达州柑桔园使用微喷灌的历史并不悠久。70年代初,一些栽培者和研究人员开始了微喷灌的试验,直到70代末至80年代初,因生产技术的改进,才有了微喷灌优点的详尽记载。《灌溉》杂志(Trulio,1969～1989)报道,佛州微喷灌作物的面积1974年仅为2400英亩,1980年扩大到15400英亩,     

梨树矮化密植研究进展述评

矮化密植是现代果树发展的方向,本文主要综述了梨矮化密植的途径,存在问题,国内外研究进展等方面的内容,并提出了今后的发展方向。     

Bile duct obstruction secondary to chronic pancreatitis in seven dogs

Seven icteric dogs were determined to have bile duct obstruction secondary to chronic pancreatitis. All dogs had histories of intermittent vomiting and diarrhea. Alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities and total bilirubin concentrations were markedly elevated. Diagnosis was based on exploratory laparotomy and histological examination. Each dog had a 3 to 10 cm mass in the body of the pancreas and obstruction of the common bile duct. Three dogs treated with pancreatectomy, gastrojejunostomy, and cholecystojejunostomy died within five weeks. Three dogs treated with conservative surgical procedures were alive at 8, 16, and 26 months postoperatively. One dog was euthanized because of suspected neoplasia. Hepatic enzyme activity and bilirubin levels decreased markedly in the surviving dogs. Histological examination of the pancreatic masses indicated chronic pancreatitis. Hepatic biopsies revealed evidence of cholestasis. Chronic pancreatitis should be included in the differential diagnoses of icterus, bile duct obstruction, and masses in the pancreas.     

The pathogenesis of excessive wear in the deciduous teeth of sheep

The teeth and various supporting and ancillary tissues were examined post mortem from two flocks of sheep, one of which had previously shown high deciduous incisor wear. Sheep were killed in groups selected on clinical signs at equivalent ages from birth to 116 weeks of age. At the end of this time the lengths of clinical crowns of the remaining deciduous incisor teeth in the high wear flock were not measurable, whereas the other flock had up to 5.5 mm in visible crown. Using the cingulum as a marker, measurements were made from extracted teeth of the attrition of the crown and size of the root. The tooth root did not grow substantially longer after the 13th week of the sheep;s life. Wear facets were just visible in some sheep at six weeks. More rapid wear occurred three times in the high wear flock. The first of these was relatively small and occurred between the 13th and 27th week of age in I1 and I2. The second was larger and occurred between the 38th and 57th week of age in the winter/spring period. A third period of wear, which was not measured from the cingulum, because this structure had by then been worn away, was seen in the remaining deciduous teeth between the ages of 91 and 110 weeks of age, i.e., during the second winter and spring. In the low wear flock the first of these periods of wear did not occur, the second was of shorter duration and smaller size, and the third equivocal. Eruption of the teeth after the 6th week was principally passive. There was no difference in the degree of wear of the molar teeth from the two flocks. Histological examination showed that the wear was compensated for by the deposition of reparative dentine in the pulp cavity. This usually gave the appearance of an ordered process. However, when wear was excessively rapid, a different, less orderly form of reparative dentine was laid down. In a few cases the reparative process was not fast enough, and a connection developed between the mouth and the pulp causing pulpitis. There was no histological evidence that the supportive tissues of the teeth, or the upper dental pad, contributed to the excessive wear.     

Erosion of the non-occlusal surfaces of sheeps' deciduous teeth

Major erosion of the labial or lingual surfaces was seen in histological sections of deciduous teeth from three of 208 sheep from two farms. In one, the erosion extended through both the enamel and the dentine and thus exposed the pulp cavity which had developed pulpitis. In the other cases the erosion affected the cementum and dentine of the tooth root, and did not penetrate as far as the pulp cavity. Dentine proliferation occurred on the adjacent pulpal surface, however, although pulpitis was not evident.