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Navila Monteagudo José María Rey Benayas Enrique Andivia Salvador Rebollo 《Pest management science》2023,79(7):2380-2389
BACKGROUND
Birds have been shown to reduce pest effects on various ecosystem types. This study aimed to synthesize the effect of birds on pest abundance, product damage and yield in agricultural and forest systems in different environments. Our hypothesis is that birds are effective pest regulators that contribute to a reduction in pest abundance, enhancement of yield quality and quantity and economic profit, and that pest regulation may depend on moderators such as the type of ecosystem, climate, pest, and indicator (ecological or economic).RESULTS
We performed a systematic literature review of experimental and observational studies related to biological control in the presence and absence of regulatory birds. We retained 449 observations from 104 primary studies that were evaluated through qualitative and quantitative analyses. Of the 79 studies with known effects of birds on pest regulation, nearly half of the 334 observations showed positive effects (49%), 46% showed neutral effects, and very few (5%) showed negative effects. Overall effect sizes were positive (mean Hedges’ d = 0.38 ± 0.06). A multiple model selection retained only ecosystem and indicator types as significant moderators.CONCLUSION
Our results support our hypothesis that there is a positive effect of avian control of pests for each analyzed moderator and this effect was significant for both ecological and economic indicators. Avian regulation of pests is a potential effective approach for environmentally friendly pest management that can reduce pesticide use regardless of the context of implementation. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献2.
Pedro Villar-Salvador Jaime Puértolas Bárbara Cuesta Juan L. Pe?uelas Mercedes Uscola Norberto Heredia-Guerrero José M. Rey Benayas 《New Forests》2012,43(5-6):755-770
Reduction in size and tissue nutrient concentration is widely considered to increase seedling drought resistance in dry and oligotrophic plantation sites. However, much evidence indicates that increase in size and tissue nutrient concentration improves seedling survival in Mediterranean forest plantations. This suggests that the ecophysiological processes and functional attributes relevant for early seedling survival in Mediterranean climate must be reconsidered. We propose a ecophysiological conceptual model for seedling survival in Mediterranean-climate plantations to provide a physiological explanation of the frequent positive relationship between outplanting performance and seedling size and nutrient concentration. The model considers the physiological processes outlined in the plantation establishment model of Burdett (Can J For Res 20:415–427, 1990), but incorporates other physiological processes that drive seedling survival, such as N remobilization, carbohydrate storage and plant hydraulics. The model considers that seedling survival in Mediterranean climates is linked to high growth capacity during the wet season. The model is for container plants and is based on three main principles, (1) Mediterranean climates are not dry the entire year but usually have two seasons of contrasting water availability; (2) summer drought is the main cause of seedling mortality; in this context, deep and large roots is a key trait for avoiding lethal water stress; (3) attainment of large root systems in the dry season is promoted when seedlings have high growth during the wet season. High growth is achieved when seedlings can divert large amount of resources to support new root and shoot growth. Functional traits that confer high photosynthesis, nutrient remobilization capacity, and non-structural carbohydrate storage promote high growth. Increases in seedling size and nutrient concentration strongly affect these physiological processes. Traits that confer high drought resistance are of low value during the wet season because hinder growth capacity. We provide specific evidence to support the model and finally we discuss its implications and the factors that may alter the frequent increase in performance with increase in seedling size and tissue nutrient concentration. 相似文献
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da Cruz Denis Conrado Benayas José Maria Rey Ferreira Gracialda Costa Santos Sabrina Ribeiro Schwartz Gustavo 《New Forests》2021,52(1):1-16
New Forests - Forest restoration is a strategy to reverse forest loss and degradation. We overviewed deforestation in the period 1975–2018 in the Brazilian Amazon and the projects,... 相似文献
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The relationship between groundwater and landscape in representative areas of the Spanish plateaux is discussed, with special attention given to the Douro River basin. The study focusses on the transference of water and matter that is conditioned by groundwater flow systems, and also on water bodies, wet meadows, marshes, saline soils under their influence.These factors are of great importance in semiarid areas. Using photointerpretation, interviews, vegetation plots, water samples from wells and springs and soil samples, and the results of data processing (principal component analysis, shared information) we find that hydrological processes are the main controlling factor in the ecological function and variation of uncultivated lowlands. These processes include the alternation of recharge and discharge areas, the geochemical evolution of groundwater and the independent flows of the regional system.The landscapes in recharge and discharge areas are compared, as well as the influence of the evolutionary stage of the groundwater in the latter areas (glycophyte or halophyte vegetation). After observing the ecological importance of these aquifer discharges systems, the causes of their accelerated transformation are analyzed. 相似文献
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Enrique de la Montaña José M Rey Benayas Ana Vasques Irene Razola Luis Cayuela 《Biological conservation》2011,(10):2468-2478
To improve effectiveness of protected areas, selection of priority areas should include consideration of three main components, namely special conservation elements, focal species and representation. We present a three-track approach related to these components for vertebrate conservation planning in Castilla-La Mancha, central Spain. As special conservation elements, we identified Priority Areas for Conservation of species using five criteria: species richness, geographic rarity, species vulnerability, a Combined Index of these three criteria, and a Standardised Biodiversity Index (SBI) that integrate the three criteria and four studied taxa. The Natura 2000 Network was used to include conservation areas for focal species. We evaluated the representation of every landscape type in the existing conservation areas. To delineate the spatial configuration for vertebrate conservation, we combined the identified Priority Areas for Conservation, existing conservation areas and connectivity areas by cost–distance analysis. The Combined Index was the most efficient criterion analyzed to identify Priority Areas for Conservation. The Natura 2000 Network showed a high percentage of coincidence with identified Priority Areas for Conservation, whereas the natural protected areas network had a low percentage of coincidence. Six agricultural landscapes were inadequately represented in the current conservation network. According to our multi-track approach, ∼29% of study area was required to capture 100% of vertebrate species and all landscape types. Our results show that the existing conservation areas are insufficient to guarantee the conservation of biodiversity in the study region. Additional areas with outstanding features of diversity, connectivity areas, and establishment of targets for off-reserve conservation are of fundamental importance for strengthening biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
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Gibbsite appears as the main secondary mineral in a weathering profile from granite situated in west-central Spain. Distribution of the mineral throughout the profile suggests that it is the result of alteration under past climates not very different from that of today. The presence of halloysite and amorphous materials indicates that these products are probably the intermediate stages in the transformation of the primary minerals, such as plagioclase, to gibbsite. Kaolinite is only found in the modern soil overlying the deep weathered material and therefore is not a product of ancient weathering. 相似文献
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Santos-Martín F. Zorrilla-Miras P. García-Llorente M. Quintas-Soriano C. Montes C. Benayas J. Gómez Sal A. Paracchini M. L. 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(7):1789-1805
Landscape Ecology - European agricultural landscapes are facing contradictory phenomena in that some areas are experiencing unsustainable land-use intensification while others are being abandoned.... 相似文献