Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Cottonseed Hull as a Feed of Sheep

In this paper through digestive and metabolic experiments studied the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of cottonseed hulls (kernel-contained CH,kernel-free CH) and cornstalk on sheep to evaluate the nutrition value and digestion characteristics of cottonseed hulls.12 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into two groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,fed with kernel-free CH by 400 (group 1) or 800 (group 2) g/(head·day) respectively,to estimate the digestibility of CH by difference method;As well,another 18 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into three groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,cafeteria feeding with kernel-contained CH (group 3),kernel-free CH (group 4) or ground cornstalks (group 5) respectively,to study the effects of three diets on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of the DM,OM,CP,cellulose,hemicellulose and energy of kernel-free CH by sheep were 46.71%,47.37%,-53.40%,66.60%,62.48% and 42.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the intake of DM,OM,cellulose,hemicellulose,energy and Ca between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05);Intake of CP and P in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);Intake of lignin in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly lower than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and energy between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).The apparent digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in kernel-free CH group were significantly and extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),respectively.The apparent digestibility of CP in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,cellulose and energy in ground cornstalks group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P< 0.01),however,the apparent digestibility of Ca and P were lower than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).Intake and retention of nitrogen in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);The was no significant difference in the retention of nitrogen between kernel-free diet group and cornstalk diet group (P> 0.05).It was concluded that CH was a kind of special forage with larger intake,higher digestibility on the fiber substances and energy,but with a serious obstruction on protein digestion;The nutritional value between kernel-free diet and cornstalk diet was almost equal,and with lower nitrogen digestibility on kernel-free diet.     

白藜芦醇对绵羊卵母细胞体外受精的影响

本试验旨在研究不同浓度（0、0.5、2.0、5.0 μmol/L）白藜芦醇（resveratrol,RES）对绵羊卵母细胞体外受精（in vitro fertilization,IVF）、卵母细胞抗氧化能力及卵丘细胞分泌类固醇激素的影响。绵羊卵母细胞在含不同浓度RES的体外成熟（in vitro maturation,IVM）液中培养24 h以后进行体外受精,并收集IVM液,测定超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）的活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（monochrome display adapter,MDA）的含量;用酶联免疫法测定雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）和孕酮（progesterone,P₄）的浓度。研究结果表明,与对照组相比,在IVM液中添加0.5 μmol/L RES显著提高卵裂率（P<0.05）,但对受精率和囊胚率没有显著影响（P>0.05）;5.0 μmol/L RES显著降低受精率、卵裂率和囊胚率（P<0.05）,对胚胎发育有抑制作用;在IVM和体外培养（in vitro culture,IVC）液中分别添加0.5 μmol/L RES均显著提高受精率、卵裂率和囊胚率（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,在IVM液中添加RES对卵丘细胞分泌E₂有一定的抑制作用,5.0 μmol/L RES显著降低E₂浓度（P<0.05）;0.5 μmol/L RES显著提高卵丘细胞P₄分泌量（P<0.05）。0.5和2.0 μmol/L RES增加SOD和GSH-Px等酶的活性,但与对照组相比无显著差异（P>0.05）,却显著降低MDA含量（P<0.05）;而5.0 μmol/L RES显著降低抗氧化酶活性并增加MDA含量（P<0.05）。综上所述,在IVM和IVC液中同时添加0.5 μmol/L RES,通过增强卵母细胞抗氧化能力和P₄的浓度,并降低MDA含量,从而提高胚胎卵裂率和囊胚率。     

Effects of Resveratrol on in vitro Fertilization of Sheep Oocytes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol (RES) at different concentrations (0,0.5,2.0,5.0 μmol/L) on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and antioxidant capacity of ovine oocytes and the secretion of steroid hormones by cumulus cells.Sheep oocytes were fertilized in vitro after maturated in different concentrations of RES for 24 h,and the in vitro maturation (IVM) medium was collected for detecting the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of monochrome display adapter (MDA).The ELISA method was used to detect the concentration of estradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P₄).The results showed that when compared to the control group,adding 0.5 μmol/L RES to the IVM medium significantly increased the cleavage rate (P<0.05),but had no significant effect on the fertilization rate and blastocyst rate (P>0.05);5.0 μmol/L RES significantly reduced the fertilization rate,cleavage rate and blastocyst rate (P<0.05),which had an inhibitory effect on embryonic development.Adding 0.5 μmol/L RES to IVM and IVC (in vitro culture,IVC) medium significantly increased the fertilization rate,cleavage rate and blastocyst rate (P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the addition of RES to IVM solution had a certain inhibitory effect on the secretion of E₂ by cumulus cells,5.0 μmol/L RES significantly reduced E₂ concentration (P<0.05);0.5 μmol/L RES significantly increased the P₄ secretion of cumulus cells (P<0.05).0.5 and 2.0 μmol/L RES increased the activity of SOD,GSH-Px and other enzymes,but there was no significant difference when compared with the control group (P>0.05),but significantly reduced MDA content (P<0.05),while 5.0 μmol/L RES significantly reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the content of MDA (P>0.05).In conclusion,0.5 μmol/L RES simultaneously added to IVM and IVC medium could enhance the antioxidant capacity of oocytes and concentration of P₄,and reduced the content of MDA,thus improved the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate.     

棉籽壳作为绵羊饲料营养特性的研究

通过消化代谢试验研究绵羊对棉籽壳(含仁棉籽壳、无仁棉籽壳)和粉碎玉米秸秆的自由采食量和表观消化率,旨在对棉籽壳的营养价值和消化特点进行评价.试验选择12只成年新疆美利奴公羊,随机分为2组(n=6),在饲喂300 g/(只·d)混合精料的基础上分别喂给400(试验1组)、800(试验2组)g/(只·d)无仁棉籽壳,用差数法测定绵羊对棉籽壳的表观消化率.另外,选择18只成年新疆美利奴公羊,随机分为3组(n=6),在饲喂300 g/(只·d)混合精料的基础上,分别自由采食含仁棉籽壳(试验3组)、无仁棉籽壳(试验4组)和粉碎玉米秸秆(试验5组),研究绵羊对其的消化代谢情况.结果表明,绵羊对无仁棉籽壳干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素和能量的表观消化率分别为46.71%、47.37%、-53.40%、66.60%、62.48%和42.59%.饲喂含仁棉籽壳、无仁棉籽壳和粉碎玉米秸秆时,饲喂含仁和无仁棉籽壳组的干物质、有机物、纤维素、半纤维素、能量和钙等的采食量均无明显差异(P> 0.05),但采食含仁棉籽壳组粗蛋白质和磷的采食量极显著高于无仁棉籽壳组(P< 0.01),木质素采食量极显著低于无仁棉籽壳组(P< 0.01).饲喂含仁棉籽壳日粮和无仁棉籽壳日粮绵羊间干物质、有机物和能量的表观消化率均无明显差异(P> 0.05),但无仁棉籽壳组绵羊的纤维素和半纤维素的表观消化率却分别显著和极显著高于含仁棉籽壳组(P< 0.05;P< 0.05),含仁棉籽壳组粗蛋白质的表观消化率极显著高于无仁棉籽壳组(P< 0.01);饲喂玉米秸秆时绵羊的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素和能量的表观消化率均极显著高于饲喂含仁或无仁棉籽壳的绵羊(P< 0.01),但钙和磷的表观消化率却低于饲喂棉籽壳的绵羊(P> 0.05).饲喂含仁棉籽壳日粮绵羊的氮摄入量和氮保留率极显著高于无仁棉籽壳日粮绵羊(P< 0.01);饲喂玉米秸秆日粮绵羊和饲喂无仁棉籽壳绵羊在氮保留上无明显差异(P> 0.05).因此,棉籽壳是一种特殊的粗饲料,绵羊对其采食量大,纤维素类物质和能量的消化率较高,但存在着严重的蛋白质消化障碍;无仁棉籽壳日粮与玉米秸秆日粮的营养价值基本相当,但绵羊对无仁棉籽壳日粮的氮消化率较低.