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排序方式: 共有953条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Takeshi SHINOGI Tomoko SUZUKI Yoshihiro NARUSAKA Pyoyun PARK 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(1):38-45
The rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), called the oxidative burst, is one of the earliest host responses to
pathogen infection or elicitor treatments. Therefore, we looked for the induction of ROS generation in Japanese pear leaves
by the host-specific toxin, AK-toxin I using a cytochemical method for detecting H2O2. A small amount of non-specific generation of H2O2 was found in the cell walls in toxin- and water-treated susceptible and resistant leaves. Thus, the generation of H2O2 at cell walls appears to be caused by wounding stress during sampling. Specific generation of ROS, however, was found only
in the membrane fragments and extended desmotubules characteristic of modified sites of the plasma membrane in the toxin-treated
susceptible leaves. In addition, generation of H2O2 at plasma membranes was observed with higher frequency in toxin-treated susceptible leaves. This result indicates that the
H2O2 generation was associated with damaged sites in the plasmalemma after toxin treatment and perhaps with the formation of membrane
fragments from altered portions of the invaginated plasma membrane.
Received 21 September 2001/ Accepted in revised form 25 October 2001 相似文献
3.
Takeshi Shinogi Tomoko Suzuki Takayuki Kurihara Yoshihiro Narusaka Pyoyun Park 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(1):7-16
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was examined in the interaction of Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype and host plants using three methods: nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) method for microscopic detection
of O2
−, diaminobenzidine (DAB) methods for microscopic detection of H2O2, and cerium chloride methods for ultrastructural detection of H2O2. ROS generation was detected by NBT and DAB methods at appressoria on leaves of susceptible cultivars and heat-shocked leaves
of resistant cultivars but not in leaves of resistant cultivars. Ultrastructural detection by the cerium chloride method identified
ROS generation at cell walls of appressoria and penetration pegs in susceptible, resistant leaves and heat-shocked leaves.
These differences in the ultrastructural and microscopic data in resistant areas were due to the restriction of ROS generation
in limited areas, the side facing the plant surface, of appressoria and penetration pegs. Therefore, ROS generation was apparently
induced regardless of the resistance or susceptibility of the cultivar with the difference being in the volumes generated.
After evaluating the pathological role of ROS generation in fungal structures, such generation was found to be associated
with early penetration of cell walls in pear plants. Additionally, ROS generation in plants was also found in degrading pectin
layers near infected hyphae and in plasma membrane modification sites in susceptible leaves but not in resistant leaves. ROS
generation in susceptible leaves might be accompanied with plasma membrane damage, although the role of ROS generation in
the pectin layers is not clear. ROS generation in both fungal and plant cells during their interaction was likely associated
with the expression of susceptibility.
Received: June 3, 2002 / Accepted: July 31, 2002 相似文献
4.
Yohei Kato 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2004,79(2):64-73
A hydrophilic form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was purified from N-methyl carbamate susceptible (SA) and highly N-methyl carbamate-resistant (N3D) strains of the green rice leafhopper (GRLH), Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler. Both of purified AChE from SA and N3D strains displayed the highest activities toward acetylthiocholine (ATCh) at pH 8.5. In the SA strain, the optimum concentrations for ATCh, propionylthiocholine (PTCh), and butyrylthiocholine (BTCh) were about 1 × 10−3, 2.5 × 10−3, and 1 × 10−3 M, respectively. However, in the N3D strain, substrate inhibition was not identified for ATCh, PTCh, and BTCh to 1 × 10−2 M. The Km value in the SA strain was 51.1, 39.1, and 41.6 μM and that in the N3D strain was 91.8, 88.1, and 85.2 μM for ATCh, PTCh, and BTCh, respectively. The Km value in the N3D strain indicated about 1.80-, 2.25-, and 2.05-fold lower affinity than that of the SA strain for ATCh, PTCh, and BTCh, respectively. The Vmax value in the SA strain was 70.2, 30.5, and 4.6 U/mg protein and that in the N3D strain was 123.0, 27.0, and 14.5 U/mg protein for ATCh, PTCh, and BTCh, respectively. The Vmax value in the N3D strain was 1.75- and 3.15-fold higher for ATCh and BTCh than that in the N3D strain. However, it was 1.13-fold lower for PTCh. The increased activity of AChE in the N3D strain is due to the qualitatively modified enzyme with a higher catalytic efficiency. The bimolecular rate constant (ki) for propoxur was 27.1 × 104 and 0.51 × 104 M−1 min−1 in the SA and N3D strain and that for monocrotophos was 0.031 × 104 and 2.0 × 104 M−1 min−1 in the SA and N3D strain. AChE from the N3D strain was 53-fold less sensitive than SA strain to inhibition by propoxur. In contrast, AChE from the N3D strain was 65-fold more sensitive to inhibition by monocrotophos than AChE from the SA strain. This indicated negatively correlated cross-insensitivity of AChE to propoxur and monocrotophos. 相似文献
5.
Carotenoids are not only important to the plants themselves but also are beneficial to human health. Since citrus fruit is a good source of carotenoids for the human diet, it is important to study carotenoid profiles and the accumulation mechanism in citrus fruit. Thus, in the present paper, we describe the diversity in the carotenoid profiles of fruit among citrus genotypes. In regard to carotenoids, such as β-cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin, lycopene, and β-citraurin, the relationship between the carotenoid profile and the expression of carotenoid-biosynthetic genes is discussed. Finally, recent results of quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of carotenoid contents and expression levels of carotenoid-biosynthetic genes in citrus fruit are shown. 相似文献
6.
Utilization of digital differential display to identify differentially expressed genes related to rumen development
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Daichi Kato Yutaka Suzuki Satoshi Haga KyoungHa So Eri Yamauchi Miwa Nakano Hiroshi Ishizaki Kichoon Choi Kazuo Katoh Sang‐Gun Roh 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(4):584-590
This study aimed to identify the genes associated with the development of the rumen epithelium by screening for candidate genes by digital differential display (DDD) in silico. Using DDD in NCBI's UniGene database, expressed sequence tag (EST)‐based gene expression profiles were analyzed in rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum and other tissues in cattle. One hundred and ten candidate genes with high expression in the rumen were derived from a library of all tissues. The expression levels of 11 genes in all candidate genes were analyzed in the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum of nine Japanese Black male calves (5‐week‐old pre‐weaning: n = 3; 15‐week‐old weaned calves: n = 6). Among the 11 genes, only 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), aldo‐keto reductase family 1, member C1‐like (AKR1C1), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) showed significant changes in the levels of gene expression in the rumen between the pre‐ and post‐weaning of calves. These results indicate that DDD analysis in silico can be useful for screening candidate genes related to rumen development, and that the changes in expression levels of three genes in the rumen may have been caused by weaning, aging or both. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science 相似文献
7.
Effects of extracerebral dopamine on salsolinol‐ or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone‐induced prolactin (PRL) secretion in goats
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Yuki Inaba Yuki Kato Azumi Itou Aoi Chiba Ken Sawai Ferenc Fülöp György Miklos Nagy Tsutomu Hashizume 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(12):1522-1527
The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of extracerebral dopamine (DA) on salsolinol (SAL)‐induced prolactin (PRL) secretion in goats. An intravenous injection of SAL or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was given to female goats before and after treatment with an extracerebral DA receptor antagonist, domperidone (DOM), and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. DOM alone increased plasma PRL concentrations and the PRL‐releasing response to DOM alone was greater than that to either SAL alone or TRH alone. The PRL‐releasing response to DOM plus SAL was similar to that to DOM alone, and no additive effect of DOM and SAL on the secretion of PRL was observed. In contrast, the PRL‐releasing response to DOM plus TRH was greater than that to either TRH alone or DOM alone and DOM synergistically increased TRH‐induced PRL secretion. The present results demonstrate that the mechanism involved in PRL secretion by SAL differs from that by TRH, and suggest that the extracerebral DA might be associated in part with the modulation of SAL‐induced PRL secretion in goats. 相似文献
8.
Kanae SHIOKAWA Chandika D. GAMAGE Nobuo KOIZUMI Yoshihiro SAKODA Kenta SHIMIZU Yoshimi TSUDA Kumiko YOSHIMATSU Jiro ARIKAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):221-230
The applicability of the recombinant LipL32 for serodiagnosis of leptospiral infection in field rodents was
assessed in this study. An immunodominant region of LipL32 was determined by monoclonal antibodies, and then,
truncated LipL32 (tLipL32) was designed to contain the region (87–188th amino acid). The tLipL32 was compared
between two recombinant expression hosts Escherichia coli and Pichia
pastoris in ELISA. With field rat sera, tLipL32 expressed by P. pastoris
(tLipL32p) had high antigenicity without background reactions, while tLipL32 expressed by E.
coli (tLipL32e) showed high background reactions, which were reduced by pre-adsorption of sera with
E. coli. To evaluate tLipL32-ELISA, field rat sera were tentatively divided into a
Leptospira infection positive (12 sera) and a negative group (12 sera) based on the results
from flaB gene PCR of kidney samples and WB with whole Leptospira cell.
Consequently, the sensitivity of tLipL32p-ELISA for field rat sera was 83% . A similar result was obtained
from tLipL32e-ELISA with adsorbed sera, (92%). However, sensitivity of tLipL32e-ELISA using sera without an
adsorption treatment was 50%. Regardless of the expression host, tLipL32-ELISA had 100% specificity and
sensitivity in experimentally infected laboratory rats. These results suggest that recombinant LipL32
expressed by P. pastoris is more applicable for serodiagnosis in field rats due to a lack of
background reaction. 相似文献
9.
Shin JH Sakoda Y Kim JH Ochiai K Umemura T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(11):1167-1169
Rabbits were immunized with inactivated influenza virus via the subarachnoidal (SA) or subcutaneous (SC) route, and the antibody titers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were assayed. There were no nervous signs or morphological lesions related to SA immunization. In the SC group, the antibody titer was elevated in serum, but not elevated in CSF. In the SA group, the antibody titer was significantly elevated in serum and even in CSF, and their antibody titers were much greater than in the SC group. The present results suggest that intrathecal immunization is more effective than SC immunization at inducing a protective immune response against the transneural spread of viruses. 相似文献
10.
The aim of the present study was to examine whether cumulus and fibroblast cell nuclear-transferred oocytes, which have high and low potential to develop into normal calves, respectively, are different in terms of in their patterns of timing of first cleavage and in their relationships between timing of first cleavage and in vitro developmental potential. The timing of first cleavage was similar in both types of nuclear-transferred and in vitro fertilized oocytes. More than 86% of the oocytes cleaved within 24 h after activation or in vitro fertilization; these oocytes contributed to more than 98% of the total number of blastocysts in all three groups. The potential of oocytes that cleaved at different intervals to develop into blastocysts differed among the groups. The developmental potential of the cumulus cell nuclear-transferred oocytes and in vitro fertilized oocytes decreased with the increase in time required for cleavage. Fibroblast cell nuclear-transferred oocytes that cleaved at 20 h, an intermediate cleaving time, had higher potential to develop into blastocysts. The results of the present study suggest that the type of donor nucleus used for nuclear transfer affects the timing of first cleavage. 相似文献