兽药使用环节存在的问题及对策

经过对兽药生产厂家和经营企业几年的整治,尤其是新<兽药管理条例>和<兽药标签和说明书管理办法>出台后,又经过GMP认证,兽药生产经营市场秩序和经营行为得到了一定的规范.但兽药使用环节中却存在诸多的问题,如:违法使用人用药品;违法使用禁用兽药;不执行休药期规定;未建立台帐等等.这些问题的存在,直接导致了动物产品的安全性问题.对此,笔者分析了兽药使用环节存在问题的原因,并对解决这些问题提出了个人观点.     

正交试验法优化普抗合剂制备工艺

以干浸膏得率和黄芩苷提取率为考核指标,采用正交试验法对普抗合剂水提取醇沉淀制备工艺进行考察.普抗合剂最佳制备工艺方案为加水量10倍,提取2次,每次1 h,55%的乙醇沉淀杂质 .该工艺科学合理,适合于大规模工业生产.     

Infestation of sheep with the stored product mite Sancassania berlesei (Acaridae)

A sheep reared outdoors in Victoria was found to be heavily infested with a stored product mite, Sancassania berlesei (Acaridae), apparently subsequent to an earlier flystrike. Laboratory observation revealed the infestation to be self-sustaining. Shearing rapidly resolved the infestation but treatment with diazinon was ineffective. The infestation could be transferred to other sheep only in the presence of moisture; once established it caused an extensive skin lesion with considerable fluid loss, apparently contributing to the death of one animal. This lesion was extremely attractive to blowflies. Animals infested with mites showed few signs of irritation.     

Metronidazole for the treatment of bovine pyometra

Metronidazole, an antibiotic with specific activity against anaerobic bacteria, was assessed as a treatment for bovine pyometra. A preliminary experiment with metronidazole-neomycin was followed by an experiment in which metronidazole-ampicillin was compared with povidone iodine. Each treatment was given as a single intrauterine infusion. The success of therapy was judged by clinical examination, bacteriological examination before and after treatment and, in the second experiment, by post treatment reproductive performance. Before treatment 45 of the 84 cows in both experiments were infected with a mixture of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, 23 cows were infected with aerobes alone and significant bacteria were not isolated from 16 cows. Complete bacteriological and clinical cures were achieved in 23 of 32 cows treated with metronidazole-neomycin, 15 of 32 cows treated with metronidazole-ampicillin and 1 of 20 cows treated with iodine. When only those cows with mixed anaerobe/aerobe infections were considered, complete cures occurred in 12 of 17 cows treated with metronidazole-neomycin, and 11 of 16 cows treated with metronidazole-ampicillin, but none of the 12 cows treated with iodine. Twenty-two of 29 cows treated with metronidazole-ampicillin conceived after treatment (mean 51.4 days), while 9 of 18 cows treated with iodine conceived (mean 58.7 days). Statistically, metronidazole-ampicillin treatment produced significantly better clinical and bacteriological cure rates than iodine treatment (P less than 0.05), but the differences in reproductive parameters were not significant.