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Comparative Characterization of Enzymatic Digestion from Fish and Soybean Meal from Simulated Digestive Process of Pacific Bluefin Tuna,Thunnus orientalis
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Ariana I. Román‐Gavilanes Emmanuel Martínez‐Montaño María Teresa Viana 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2015,46(4):409-420
The digestive process of the Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT), Thunnus orientalis, was simulated through two phases of in vitro digestion: acidic digestion with porcine pepsin, followed by alkaline digestion with pancreatic crude extract (PCE) obtained from the PBT to hydrolyze fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM) as protein substrates. The crude protein from FM resulted in a lower degree of hydrolysis (73.3%) compared with SBM (79.2%). However, the resulting digested products showed that FM contained 35% more small peptides, with sizes <6.5 kDa than those from the starting material (>150 kDa). The SBM had an increase of only 1.3% in the similar peptide cut‐offs found after hydrolysis. These results suggested that FM appeared to be a better source of protein according to the amount of low‐molecular weight peptides. In addition, the proteolytic activity of PCE showed that 88.9% of its alkaline proteolytic activity corresponded to trypsin and 2.9% corresponded to chymotrypsin activity. The results shown here demonstrate that peptide sizes are important in identifying suitable protein sources for aquafeed production to reinforce the primary results obtained from the in vitro digestibility using the pH‐Stat system. These results also contribute to a better understanding of the digestibility process in aquatic organisms. 相似文献
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The objectives of precision agriculture are profit maximisation, agricultural input rationalisation and environmental damage reduction, by adjusting the agricultural practices to the site demands. The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the most important maize pests in Brazil and the use of insecticide is the main control method. It is believed that site-specific control can be implemented by using a machine vision system. The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate an algorithm at simplified lighting conditions for identifying damaged maize plants by the fall armyworm using digital colour images. Images of damaged and non-damaged maize plants were taken in eight different stages and in three different light intensities. The proposed algorithm had two stages: the processing and the image analysis. During the first stage, the images were processed to create binary images where the leaves were segmented from the other pixels. At the second stage, the images were subdivided into blocks and classified as ‘damaged’ or ‘non-damaged’ depending on the number of objects found in each block. The algorithm correctly classified 94·72% of 720 images. 相似文献
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Laura Gmez-Montes Zaul García-Esquivel Louis R. D'Abramo Armando Shimada Carlos Vsquez-Pelez María Teresa Viana 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):769-780
Juvenile green abalone Haliotis rufescens were grown under laboratory conditions at 21±1 °C and fed formulated diets consisting of different protein:energy ratios (mg protein/kcal), 62, 74, 85, 100, 108, for 60 days. The level of crude protein ranged from approximately 26% to 44% while the energy content remained constant at about 4.1 kcal g−1. Growth ranged from 3.63 to 12.33 mg day−1. The growth of abalone fed the 100 and 108 diets was significantly greater than that of each of the other diets. Protein efficiency ratio increased as the dietary protein content increased except for the T108 diet (44% crude protein). Abalone apparently consume food to satisfy an energy requirement. Caloric expenditure due to metabolism was estimated for abalone fed diets with protein ratios of 62, 85, 100. Energy loss due to respiration did not vary appreciably among abalone fed the different diets. The proportional distribution of dietary energy into fecal, digestible, growth, and metabolic energy was estimated for abalone fed these diets. Apparent dry matter digestibility was among the lowest for abalone fed the 100 P:E diet, but growth of abalone fed this diet was significantly higher than that of each of the other treatments except the 108 diet. Unexplained energy loss to achieve balance ranged from 7% to 28.5%, some of which is probably due to differential mucus and ammonia production. Results suggest a potential for the reduction of both dietary protein and lipid without causing any adverse effects on the growth response. 相似文献
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I Kuzmenko R Buller WG Bouwman K Kjaer J Als-Nielsen M Lahav L Leiserowitz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5295):2046-2049
Thin interdigitated films composed of a long-chain, water-insoluble chiral acid (p-pentadecylmandelic acid of absolute configuration R) and a water-soluble chiral base (phenylethylamine, R') were constructed at the air-solution interface. The (R, R') structure was characterized to near-atomic resolution by grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXD). The two diastereomeric systems, (R, R') and (R, S'), demonstrate similar surface pressure-molecular area isotherms, but their structures are completely different on the molecular level, as monitored by GIXD. Complementary data on these two architectures were provided by atomic force microscopy. 相似文献
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Schellekens M Hoppeler R Perrin A Gomes JV Boiron D Aspect A Westbrook CI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5748):648-651
We have studied two-body correlations of atoms in an expanding cloud above and below the Bose-Einstein condensation threshold. The observed correlation function for a thermal cloud shows a bunching behavior, whereas the correlation is flat for a coherent sample. These quantum correlations are the atomic analog of the Hanbury Brown Twiss effect. We observed the effect in three dimensions and studied its dependence on cloud size. 相似文献
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Malm O Guimarães JRD Castro MB Bastos WR Viana JP Branches FJP Silveira EG Pfeiffer WC 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,97(1-2):45-51
Informal economy of gold mining has contaminated some important river basins in Amazon. Follow-up studies on critical compartments showed some areas with high Hg levels in fish as well as in human hair samples. Average Hg in piscivorous fish in the Madeira river itself was 846 ppb (N=284) with a maximum of 3921 ppb. Mercury in fish from non polluted areas in this basin shows high variability, even for single species. A seasonal variation in Hg content was observed, with higher values at the end of the dry season. In the upper Tapajós basin comparable values were found for fish but with a definite decreasing trend downstream. Average value for piscivorous fish in the whole Tapajós basin is 482 ppb (N=122) with a maximum value of 3770 ppb. Hair Hg was higher in fishing villages in the Tapajós (average: 17 ppm; with N=432 and maximum value of 176 ppm) than in the Madeira (average: 9 ppm; N=169; maximum 71 ppm), and data from some areas of the Tapajós suggest a decrease with time. Mercury was much higher in urine of goldshop workers in Santarém (low Tapajós) than in Alta Floresta (high Tapajbs) and show a decreasing trend in both cases, probably related to the significant decline in gold mining activities during the study period (1986–1994). 相似文献
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Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) evaluation based on shoot dry weight in the early stages of plant development can be a useful measure to identify genotypes that are superior in phosphorus (P) use. The objectives of this study were to (i) identify inbred lines that are efficient and inefficient in P use, (ii) assess the genetic diversity among the inbred lines based on traits related to PUE, (iii) investigate the relationship among traits related to PUE and its components and (iv) estimate the expected responses to selection for increasing PUE. Twenty‐three S6 popcorn inbred lines were evaluated under high and low P, and several traits related to PUE and its components were measured. Efficient and inefficient inbred lines under each P level were identified, and the genetic diversity assessment grouped these inbred lines in opposite clusters. Phosphorus acquisition efficiency (PAE) was the most important component of PUE in the early stages of plant development, and the direct selection for PAE seems to be the best method for increasing PUE in these stages. 相似文献
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Tatiene R. M. Silva Flvia N. L. Barros Michele Bahia Francisco D. Sampaio Junior Sidney S. F. Santos Larissa S. Inoue Thamirys S. Gonalves Laerzio Chiesorin Neto Diogo C. L. O. Faria Camila Tochetto Gisele M. R. Viana Frederico O. B. Monteiro Gustavo Ges-Cavalcante Alessandra Scofield 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(7):798-804
The Brazilian Amazon is endemic for malaria and natural infections by Plasmodium spp. have been detected in Neotropical primates. Despite the diversity of primate species in the region, studies on infections by these agents are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of infection by Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum in free‐born primates that were kept in captivity, in the western Amazon, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 98 Neotropical primates. Detection of P. vivax and P. falciparum DNA was performed using a semi‐nested PCR, and the amplified products were sequenced. Plasmodium spp. DNA was detected in 6.12% (6/98) of the primates. P. vivax, and P. falciparum DNA was detected in 2.04% (2/98) and 4.08% (4/98) of these mammals, respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results obtained from the semi‐nested PCR. The presence of infected non‐human primates (NHP) can be auxiliary in the maintenance of P. falciparum and P. vivax and may have implications for the malaria surveillance and control in the Brazilian Amazon. It is necessary to structure an efficient surveillance system for the aetiological agents of malaria that infect NHP and humans to reduce the risk of Plasmodium spp. introduction into new areas, to protect all susceptible species. 相似文献