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1.
Kumagai R Nakatani K Ikeya N Kito Y Kaidoh T Takeuchi S 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,122(1-2):190-195
In 13 of 43 non-beta-hemolysin-producing bovine isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, two truncated beta-hemolysin (hlb) genes were demonstrated by PCR and sequencing, and one truncated hlb gene was located beside the integrase (int) gene of phage origin. The staphylokinase (sak) gene was detected in all 13 isolates in which the truncated hlb genes were detected by PCR. Enterotoxin A (sea) and enterotoxin P (sep) genes were also detected in 5 and 2 of the 13 isolates, respectively. Moreover, the scn and chp genes encoding staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN) and chemotaxis inhibitory protein of S. aureus (CHIPS) were detected in 13 and 4 of the 13 isolates, respectively. The bacteriophage induced by mitomycin C treatment was able to lysogenize one beta-hemolysin-producing isolate of S. aureus, and the sak and scn genes were detected from the lysogenized isolate. These results suggest quadruple or quintuple conversion of hlb, sak, sea (or sep), scn, and chp genes by bacteriophages among non-beta-hemolysin-producing bovine isolates of S. aureus. 相似文献
2.
Viskam WIJEWARDANA Kikuya SUGIURA Daluthgamage Patsy H. WIJESEKERA Shingo HATOYA Toshiya NISHIMURA Ryoji KANEGI Takahiro USHIGUSA Toshio INABA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(7):771-775
Previously, we reported that ovarian hormones affect the immune response against
E. coli isolated from the dogs affected with pyometra. In order to
investigate mechanisms underlying the immune modulation, we examined the effects of
ovarian hormones on the generation of dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen
presenting cell. DCs were differentiated from peripheral blood monocytes (PBMOs) using a
cytokine cocktail. Both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptors were expressed by the
PBMOs and immature DCs. When various ovarian hormones were added to the culture for the DC
differentiation, progesterone significantly decreased the expression of DC maturation
markers, such as CD1a, CD80 and CD86, on mature DCs. Conversely, the addition of estrogen
to the cultures increased the expression of CD86, but not other maturation makers.
Furthermore, DCs differentiated in the presence of progesterone did not stimulate
allogeneic mononuclear cells in PB. Taken together, these results indicate that
progesterone diminishes the maturation of DCs, leading to decreased immune responses
against invading pathogens. 相似文献
3.
4.
Matazaemon Uchida Yasuo Irie Norio Kurihara Toshio Fujita Minoru Nakajima 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(3):258-264
Lindane analogs, in which one or two chlorine atoms are replaced by various substituents, exhibit convulsive and lethal effects on Periplaneta americana (L.). Some analogs are as active as lindane. These effects are well related to the neuroexcitatory action which produces after-discharges in the central nervous system. Carbamate insecticides have potent convulsive and lethal effects on P. americana, which are also related to after-discharges produced in nerve cords. Convulsion caused by lindane analogs and carbamates is solely attributable to their neuroexcitatory effects on the nervous system, in spite of the difference in their ultimate modes of action. 相似文献
5.
Fipronil modulation of GABAA receptor single-channel currents 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fipronil is the first phenylpyrazole insecticide introduced for pest control. Although fipronil is known to inhibit GABA receptors, the detailed mechanism of action remains to be seen. In order to elucidate the mechanism of fipronil interaction with the mammalian GABAA system, single-channel patch clamp experiments were performed using rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. The amplitude of main conductance state (27pS) current was not significantly altered by co-application of 10 microM fipronil and 10 microM GABA. The histograms of open time distribution were fitted to a sum of three exponential functions. After application of 10 microM fipronil, the proportion of the fastest component increased slightly and that of the slowest component decreased slightly. Thus, the mean open time was decreased from 11.4 ms to 7.8 ms by fipronil. The histograms of closed time distribution were fitted to a sum of four exponential functions. Fipronil 10 microM prolonged the slowest time constant resulting in a prolongation of the mean closed time from 29.7 ms to 52.8 ms. Thus, the frequency of channel openings was reduced. Thus, the fipronil suppression of GABA-induced whole-cell currents is caused in part by decreases in the channel open time and the frequency of channel openings. 相似文献
6.
Jun Ohnishi Toshio Kitamura Fumihiro Terami Ken-ichiro Honda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(1):54-59
The ability of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci to transmit two strains of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, the Israel and Mild strains, was studied after serial transfers of individual whiteflies that were viruliferous for both
strains to tomato plants. After single whiteflies had successive acquisition feedings first on a single plant infected with
one strain and then on a plant infected with the other strain, the single whiteflies later transmitted intermittently one,
the other, or both strains to the test plants during serial transfers at 1-day intervals. Because both strains were found
in the head, abdomen, and legs dissected from whiteflies during the retention period after the two successive acquisition
feedings, both strains apparently circulate from midgut cells to salivary glands through the hemolymph. 相似文献
7.
The metabolism of fenitrothion was investigated in highly resistant (Akita-f) and susceptible (SRS) strains of the house fly, Musca domestica L. The Akita-f strain was 3500 times more resistant to fenitrothion than the SRS strain. Fenitrothion, topically applied to the flies, was metabolized in vivo far faster in the Akita-f strain than in the SRS strain. In vitro studies revealed that fenitrothion was metabolized by a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system and glutathione S-transferases. The former oxidase system metabolized fenitrothion in vitro into fenitrooxon and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol as major metabolites, and into 3-hydroxymethyl-fenitrothion and 3-hydroxymethyl-fenitrooxon as minor metabolites. Glutathione S-transferases metabolized fenitrothion into desmethylfenitrothion. The cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system and glutathione S-transferases of the resistant Akita-f strain had 1.4 to 2.2 times and 9.7 times, respectively, as great activities as those of the susceptible SRS strain. These results suggest the importance of glutathione S-transferases in fenitrothion resistance in the Akita-f strain. 相似文献
8.
Yoshiaki Nakagawa Katsuhiko Kitahara Takaaki Nishioka Hajime Iwamura Toshio Fujita 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1984,21(3):309-325
The larvicidal activity of a series of N-2,6-difluoro- and N-2,6-dichlorobenzoyl-N′-(4-substituted phenyl)ureas against nondiapause larvae of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker, was measured by topical application and oral administration methods under conditions with and without piperonyl butoxide as an inhibitor of oxidative metabolism. The effects of substituents at the anilide moiety on the larvicidal activity were analyzed quantitatively using physicochemical substituent parameters and regression analysis. The results indicate that the oxidative metabolism in the larval body which is favored by electron-donating substituents is significant in determining the activity. The activity, when the metabolic factor is eliminated, is enhanced by electron-with-drawing and hydrophobic substituents and lowered by bulky groups. The inhibitory activity against new cuticle formation of the same series of compounds was also measured using cultured integument of the rice stem borer diapause larva. The comparison of the quantitative analyses between larvicidal and integument-level activities shows that inhibition of cuticular development is the most important factor governing larvicidal activity. 相似文献
9.
脱落酸(Abscisic acid, ABA)对映异构体的生物活性比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用新方法精制脱落酸(ABA)异构体试样,改变以往靠光学离析法分离racemic型(SR)-(±)-ABA,提高了(S)-(+)-ABA与(R)-(-)-ABA两镜像体纯度。抑制生长试验和残留量分析结果表明:天然型(S)-(+)-ABA活性,显着高于非天然型(R)-(-)-ABA或(SR)-(±)-ABA活性。抑制莴苣种子发芽50%的活性强度(S)-(+)-ABA约是(R)-(-)-ABA的5倍,(SR)-(±)-ABA介于二者之间。抑制萝卜下胚轴生长试验,最显着有效期2~6天,(6天后差异渐小,8日甚微),生理作用期约为一周,(S)-(+)-ABA活性是(R)-(-)-ABA的3.6倍。差异原因可能是两异构体分子立体结构不同所致。 相似文献
10.
Kiriko Nakamura Kiyoshi Matsubara Hitoshi Watanabe Hisashi Kokubun Yoshihiro Ueda Naomi Oyama-Okubo Masayoshi Nakayama Toshio Ando 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006
In order to identify genetic resources for breeding fragrant petunias for use as bedding plants, volatile compounds released by day from the flowers of 40 commercial Petunia hybrida cultivars were analyzed using a solid-phase micro-extraction technique coupled with GC–MS. The three cultivars with solid deep-blue flowers that accumulate malvidin in corollas with high tissue pH were found to emit abundant iso-eugenol as the principal floral fragrance. Several other cultivars that emitted considerable amounts of methylbenzoate and/or benzylbenzoate from the flower were also identified. Association between the floral fragrance and the other floral traits such as floral anthocyanin composition and corolla-tissue pH was discussed. 相似文献