近红外光谱分析技术及其在评定饲料营养价值中的应用

近红外光谱分析技术(Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy,简称NIRS)是本世纪70年代兴起的一种有机物快速分析技术。该技术首先由美国农业部(USDA)的Norris开发,最早用于谷物中的水分、蛋白质的测定。近20年来随着光学、计算机数据处理技术及化学光度理论和方法的不断发展,以及新型NIRS仪器的不断出现和软件版本的不断翻新,使得该技术的稳定性、实用性、准确性不断提高,应用领域也越来越广。许多国家已将该技术成功地应用于食品、油料、药物、饲料等方面的质量检测。在饲料分析方面,不仅能用于常量成份分     

Neuraminidase production by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

In order to characterise neuraminidase activity by Erysipelothrix, 85 isolates of Erysipelothrix spp. from a variety of sources including human clinical, marine and terrestrial animals, and the environment were investigated for neuraminidase production. Neuraminidase activity was detected by a peanut lectin haemagglutination method. The effects of media, incubation conditions and pH on the production and activity of neuraminidase were also investigated. Enzyme activity was detected only in the supernatants of the isolates of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae which had been incubated in cooked meat broth and Todd Hewitt broth supplemented with horse serum after 16 and 36 h incubation at 37 degrees C. The maximum titres were reached at 40 h in cooked meat broth and 56 h in Todd Hewitt broth supplemented with horse serum. All 58 isolates and the type strain (ATCC 19414) of E. rhusiopathiae produced detectable neuraminidase activity with titres between 10 and 320. The optimal pH for the enzyme activity varied among the isolates with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0 covering the highest enzyme activity of the most. There was no statistically significant difference in the level of neuraminidase activity between isolates from different sources (p > 0.05). Neuraminidase activity was not detected in the non-pathogenic Erysipelothrix spp. such as E. tonsillarum. Neuraminidase was detected only in E. rhusiopathiae suggesting its possible role as a virulence factor. Enzyme production and activity were medium and pH dependent. The peanut lectin haemagglutination assay is a simple, rapid and sensitive method and is particularly useful for the analysis of multiple samples.     

近红外光谱技术快速测定豆粕、玉米真可消化氨基酸含量的研究

本试验应用近红外光谱技术（ＮＩＲＳ）预测了豆粕、玉米中的真可消化氨基酸含量。氨基酸消化率用去盲肠公鸡作试验动物,用修正的Ｓｉｂｂａｌｄ强饲法进行测定。定标的结果表明,豆粕中除与胱氨酸有关的几个方程外,其它氨基酸的定标经检验证明具有良好的预测性能。玉米真可消化氨基酸的定标性能不如豆粕好,目前还不能进行实际的应用,但大部分氨基酸定标方程的相关系数经Ｆ检验达到极显著水平,说明用ＮＩＲＳ预测玉米真可消化氨基酸是可行的。近红外光谱技术提供了一种可用于日常测定鸡真可消化氨基酸的即时分析方法,它能够替代查书面值以及使用耗时而昂贵的体内法测定真可消化氨基酸含量。营养学家可根据真可消化氨基酸数据进行饲料配方,起到准确、及时、低投入、高产出、低污染、高效利用饲料资源的作用。     

Amalthea's density is less than that of water

Radio Doppler data from the Galileo spacecraft's encounter with Amalthea, one of Jupiter's small inner moons, on 5 November 2002 yield a mass of (2.08 +/- 0.15) x 10(18) kilograms. Images of Amalthea from two Voyager spacecraft in 1979 and Galileo imaging between November 1996 and June 1997 yield a volume of (2.43 +/- 0.22) x 10(6) cubic kilometers. The satellite thus has a density of 857 +/- 99 kilograms per cubic meter. We suggest that Amalthea is porous and composed of water ice, as well as rocky material, and thus formed in a cold region of the solar system, possibly not at its present location near Jupiter.     

Periodic pulsing of characteristic microearthquakes on the San Andreas fault

Deep fault slip information from characteristically repeating microearthquakes reveals previously unrecognized patterns of extensive, large-amplitude, long-duration, quasiperiodic repetition of aseismic events along much of a 175-kilometer segment of the central San Andreas fault. Pulsing occurs both in conjunction with and independent of transient slip from larger earthquakes. It extends to depths of approximately 10 to 11 kilometers but may be deeper, and it may be related to similar phenomena occurring in subduction zones. Over much of the study area, pulse onset periods also show a higher probability of larger earthquakes, which may provide useful information for earthquake forecasting.     

Crinum L. (Amaryllidaceae)

Alkaloids isolated from Crinum species have been reviewed for the period 1985-2000. Non-nitrogenous compounds have been surveyed for the first time. Botanical classification and biological activity are discussed. Spectral data literature sources are listed.     

地理信息系统在测绘中的应用研究

信息技术的发展及进步,促进了地理信息系统的发展。地理信息系统具有较高的精确性以及效率,在实践测绘的过程中,能够显示出强大的作用与功能。一般而言,地理信息系统在发展的过程中,能够充分利用互联网技术、遥感技术以及全球定位系统,能够有效保证测绘的精度,因此被广泛应用在测绘中。本文就针对地理信息系统在测绘中的应用进行深入分析和研究。     

硫过量对家禽的毒性

硫是一种对机体内许多酶的代谢和功能以及生物化学反应有重要作用的元素，它可能与家禽的许多代谢障碍有关。本篇文章就日粮中超量硫对家禽的毒害作用作一综述。     

鸡日粮中应用植酸酶的研究进展（一）

１９６８年，美国的Ｎｅｌｓｏｎ首次提出的猪鸡日粮中添加微生物植酸酶，解决饲料中因植酸盐的存在引起的一系列问题。此后，由于植酸酶提取和大批量生产的技术尚未解决，该建议暂未能采用。进入９０年代，随着生物工程技术的发展，德国的ＢＡＳＦ公司，丹麦的ＮｏｖｏＮ...