Antioxidant activity of glyceollins derived from soybean elicited with Aspergillus sojae

The extract of soybean exposed to biotic elicitors such as food-grade fungus is known to have antioxidant activity. Glyceollins were major bioactive compounds present in soybean elicited by fungi and shown to have antifungal and anticancer activities. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of glyceollins by measuring ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, singlet oxygen quenching, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibition. In addition, the antioxidant potential of glyceollins were measured by a fluorescent probe, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA), and dihydroethidium (DHE) in mouse hepatoma hepa1c1c7 cells in which they were insulted with H2O2 to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glyceollins showed a strong reducing power and inhibited lipid peroxidation, with significant scavenging activities of radicals including singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, ABTS, and DPPH. We also found that glyceollins significantly suppressed H2O2-induced ROS production in hepa1c1c7 cells. Therefore, glyceollins deserve further study as natural antioxidants and nutraceuticals.     

Cystadenocarcinoma of the intrahepatic bile duct in a dog

A 14-year-old spayed female Shih-Tzu was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University for evaluation of an abdominal mass. In diagnostic imaging, two large cystic masses were identified. The affected liver lobes were surgically resected, and the specimens were submitted for histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemical staining. The two cystic lesions were diagnosed as biliary cystadenocarcinoma (BCAC). Recurrence and regional invasion were identified on ultrasonography 36 days postoperatively. The patient died on postoperative day 271. To the best of our knowledge, previously reported case studies of BCAC in dogs presented limited clinical information. In this report, we present a detailed picture comprising a range of clinical information and histopathological examination of BCAC in a dog.     

长白山区野生地椒百里香嫩枝扦插繁殖研究

以长白山区野生地椒百里香为试材,研究了不同浓度、不同生长调节剂、不同时间处理对地椒百里香嫩枝扦插繁殖的影响。结果表明:植物生长调节剂对平均生根率的影响为ABTNAAIBA,分别为94.22%、90.69%、81.33%。但是嫩枝扦插后根部长势最好在NAA1 000mg/L(1s)。因此,长白山区野生地椒百里香嫩枝扦插时,建议选择ABT生根剂。选用ABT生根剂时,处理浓度间差异不大,但浓度500mg/L(2min)时优于其它处理组。当选用NAA溶液时,处理浓度间差异较大,且随着处理浓度的增加效果更佳,最佳处理为1 000mg/L(1s)。当选用IBA溶液时,随着浓度增加,生根率及根部长势越差,50mg/L(12h)为最佳处理。     

茅苍术提取物及其活性成分的杀蚊虫作用

用乙醇超声提取法提取茅苍术根茎物质,并进行杀蚊有效活性成分分离,采用幼虫浸渍法测定其对敏感型淡色库蚊、野生型地下家蚊和白纹伊蚊3龄幼虫的活性。结果发现:乙醇粗提物对淡色库蚊、地下家蚊和白纹伊蚊的24h LC_(50)值分别为22.71、36.30、23.51μg/mL。不同溶剂萃取物对白纹伊蚊生物活性测定结果表明,活性成分主要在正己烷相中,其LC_(50)为16.87μg/mL;而乙酸乙酯相和水相成分基本无活性。进一步对正己烷萃取物以硅胶柱层析分离的不同成分进行生物活性测定,活性成分主要为H2和H6;白纹伊蚊3龄幼虫在其25μg/mL质量浓度下24h死亡率均达100%。结果表明茅苍术的杀虫活性成分对敏感型淡色库蚊、野生型地下家蚊和白纹伊蚊的幼虫均具有较强生物活性,具有新型杀蚊剂开发潜力。     

Food and biomass potential of Prunus virginiana L. (chokecherry)

Prunus virginiana L. (chokecherry) fruit has potential to provide both food and energy and as annual yield of biomass and energy are much greater than annual crops such as canola and wheat. We determined chokecherry fruit weight fractions as well as pit and extracted seed oil concentrations and fatty acid composition. Gross energy for each of the fractions was determined, as were carbon and nitrogen content. Extrapolation of these data suggests that gross energy from pits alone over a 24-year period (890 GJ·ha(-1)) is equivalent to that from an entire canola/wheat rotation (850 GJ·ha(-1)). After maturity, pulp contributes an additional 1130 GJ·ha(-1) over 21 years from ~3.4 t·ha(-1)·year(-1) (dw), while wood from pruning could add another 60 GJ·ha(-1)·year(-1). Over this time period, chokecherry would produce 1.5-2.5 times the amount of oil produced by a canola/wheat rotation.     

Evaluation of ruminal motility using an indwelling 3-axis accelerometer in the reticulum in cattle

Attempts to increase production and improve farm environments have been made for several years. Rumen motility (RM) is one of the biological parameters that provides essential information of individuals in ruminants, and it is usually evaluated by auscultation. The study was aimed to examine RM using the 3-axis accelerometer (3XA) in cattle. The manufactured 3XA were placed in the reticulum (3XA-R) and implanted in the subcutaneous layer of the brisket (3XA-SC), respectively, and the accelerations were compared following intramuscular injection of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) or saline in experiment 1 and of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) or atropine (0.04 mg/kg) in experiment 2. In experiment 3, the dose-dependent decrease of RM was evaluated following xylazine administration (0, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg) in the 3XA-R equipped cows via a 3 × 3 Latin square method. In experiment 1, saline-treated animals showed a continuous fluctuation while the frequency and amplitude of 3XA-R in xylazine-injected cows were reduced after administration. The acceleration of 3XA-SC was changed after administration, but not abruptly. Among the motion parameters, V2 was calculated only using X- and Z-axis acceleration in consideration of the cylindrical shape, and it showed the apparent difference between pre- and post-xylazine administration. In experiment 2, the V2 of 3XA-R was decreased after atropine administration while that of 3XA-SC was maintained. In experiment 3, a dose-dependent V2 decrement of 3XA-R after xylazine administration was observed and lasted for 40 and 80 min in doses of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, The 3XA detected the decrease in RM efficiently and processed the data wirelessly without interference from body movement. This technology will help detect problems early and prevent a decline in cattle productivity.     

Herbicidal action of clove oil on cucumber seedlings

The herbicidal action of clove oil on cucumber seedlings was characterized under light and dark conditions. Paraquat showed herbicidal activity only under the light condition, whereas the clove oil displayed herbicidal activity in both the light and the dark condition. Specifically, wilting and water content reduction progressed rapidly under both the light and the dark condition 1 h after the clove oil treatment, whereas the paraquat damage occurred only under the light condition 5 h after treatment. The malondialdehyde concentration increased more with the clove oil treatment than with the paraquat treatment under the light and dark conditions. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was stimulated, but the catalase activity decreased in the clove oil treatment. In contrast, both the SOD and catalase activity decreased in the paraquat treatment. These results suggest that clove oil exerts herbicidal effects through a mechanism that is different from that of paraquat.