国产日本落叶松正交胶合木的销槽承压强度

【目的】正交胶合木是一种新型现代木结构材料。销类连接是现代木结构中应用最广泛的连接形式,销槽承压强度是销连接设计的重要参数。研究国产日本落叶松正交胶合木(CLT)的销槽承压性能,旨在为CLT结构销类连接的本土化设计提供参考。【方法】对36组432个国产日本落叶松3层CLT试件进行半孔静力加载试验,分析CLT密度、销径、螺纹、胶缝和加载角度对CLT销槽承压强度的影响,并基于试验结果评价美国NDS、加拿大CSA、Kennedy、Uibel和Blaβ(U&B)提出的4种计算方法对国产日本落叶松CLT宽面和窄面销槽承压强度预测的适用性。【结果】CLT的销槽承压强度与CLT密度呈正相关,与销径呈负相关,与螺纹没有明显关系。销垂直于CLT窄面时,加载角度0°的销槽承压强度是90°的3.06倍,胶缝处的销槽承压强度为两者的平均值。销垂直于CLT宽面时,加载角度0°的销槽承压强度明显大于加载角度90°的销槽承压强度。计算值与试验值相比:销垂直于CLT窄面,加载角度为0°(位置A)时,加拿大CSA模型的相对误差小于8.37%,加载角度为90°(位置D)时,U&B模型的相对误差小于8.56...     

Cultivation Influences on Soil Organic Carbon Associated with Texture in Seasonally Frozen Zones

[Objective] This study aimed to examine indicative roles of texture representing soil organic carbon presence and variability subsequent to cultivation under cold temperate climates with seasonal freeze-thaw events.[Method] Three chronosequences were selected for paired comparisons.Soil samples were collected at six depths with a 10 cm increment.Analysis of variance with general linear model and regression was performed for statistical analysis.[Result] In seasonally frozen soils where fragmentation of macroaggregates was stimulated,soil organic carbon level was positively associated with clay ＋ silt proportion due to a wider textural range,better than sole clay content.Exponential function better fitted the experimental data to present progressively increased effectiveness of clay ＋ silt content in maintaining carbon.Clay content explained 12％-41％ and 14％-43％ of variation via linear and exponential functions,respectively.Accordingly,clay ＋ silt content explained 47％-65％ and 46％-70％.[Conclusion] Texture reflected soil organic carbon occurrence as consequences of reclamation.For seasonally frozen soils with wider textural ranges,it is robust to adapt clay ＋ silt content as dependent variable and exponential function.The generated algorithms provided an available pathway to estimate soil organic carbon losses following cultivation and to evaluate soil fertility.     

Utilization of digital differential display to identify differentially expressed genes related to rumen development

This study aimed to identify the genes associated with the development of the rumen epithelium by screening for candidate genes by digital differential display (DDD) in silico. Using DDD in NCBI's UniGene database, expressed sequence tag (EST)‐based gene expression profiles were analyzed in rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum and other tissues in cattle. One hundred and ten candidate genes with high expression in the rumen were derived from a library of all tissues. The expression levels of 11 genes in all candidate genes were analyzed in the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum of nine Japanese Black male calves (5‐week‐old pre‐weaning: n = 3; 15‐week‐old weaned calves: n = 6). Among the 11 genes, only 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), aldo‐keto reductase family 1, member C1‐like (AKR1C1), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) showed significant changes in the levels of gene expression in the rumen between the pre‐ and post‐weaning of calves. These results indicate that DDD analysis in silico can be useful for screening candidate genes related to rumen development, and that the changes in expression levels of three genes in the rumen may have been caused by weaning, aging or both. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science     

Glutathione content of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes collected from different reproductive stages

Glutathione (GSH) concentrations of oocytes are considered as an important marker of the cytoplasmic maturation. The present study was designed to compare GSH concentrations of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes. In vivo matured oocytes were collected 72 hr after ovulation by flushing fallopian tubes after laparotomy. Ovaries were collected from bitches with different reproductive stages, and collected oocytes were divided into 2 groups according to the size viz. < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter and cultured for 72 hr in Tissue Culture Medium-199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 2.2 mg/ml sodium bicarbonate, 2.0 microg/ml estrogen, 0.5 microg/ml FSH, 0.03 IU/ml hCG, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution in the presence or absence of 50 microM beta-mercaptoethanol. GSH concentrations were determined by the dithionitrobenzoic acid-glutathione disulfide (DTNB-GSSG) reductase recycling assay. GSH concentrations of immature canine oocytes were 2.9 and 3.8, 3.5 and 6.8, and 3.1 and 6.5 pM/oocyte for < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter oocyte groups at anestrous, follicular and luteal stage, respectively (P<0.05). In vivo matured oocytes had significantly higher GSH concentrations compared with in vitro matured oocytes. The GSH content was 19.2 pM/oocyte for in vivo matured oocytes, while 4.1 to 8.1 and 5.7 to 13.2 pM/oocyte for in vitro matured oocytes cultured in the absence or presence of beta-mercaptoethanol, respectively (P<0.05). Presence of beta-mercaptoethanol increased GSH synthesis in canine oocytes cultured in vitro, and oocytes collected from follicular and luteal stage was superior to anestrus oocytes.     

白背飞虱爆发规律及防治研究

】江淮稻区白背飞虱呈迁入代至主害代的爆发型相,发生程度为基数决定型。根据白背飞虱历年田间系统调查资料和灯下虫量的逐步回归分析,证明江淮稻区主害代（２代）发生程度与迁入峰后７月１５日白背飞虱总虫量显著相关（Ｒ２＝０．７１０７）,并分别建立白背飞虱预警指标。以为害损失５％以下为标准,主害代高峰期虫量为１５头／穴,比原防治指标稍宽。由此提出病虫兼治的防治对策和技术规范,比原传统方法少用药１次。     

改性丁苯胶乳制造刨花板的研究

为解决刨花板生产使用脲醛树脂胶粘剂引起的甲醛环境污染 ,该文对改性丁苯胶乳在刨花板生产中的应用进行了研究 .实验采用正交分析方法 ,考察不同实验水平下施胶量、热压温度、热压时间、防水剂量因素对刨花板的主要物理力学性能静曲强度、内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率及游离甲醛释放量的影响 .研究证明 :①产品检测中无甲醛释放 ,改性丁苯胶乳适于生产环保型刨花板 .②采用合理的工艺参数 ,刨花板产品性能指标达到国家标准要求 .③最佳工艺参数为 :热压时间 4 0s mm ,热压温度 15 0℃ ,施胶量 6 % ,防水剂量 0 6 % .     

计算流体力学数值仿真技术及其在木材干燥研究中的应用

计算流体力学（CFD）数值仿真技术是随着计算机科学发展起来的通过数值计算获得流场流动与传热规律的新技术,已逐渐成为木材科学领域中研究木材干燥技术的重要方法。文中对CFD仿真原理和方法进行阐述,从干燥室设计和优化、干燥室性能分析与干燥过程热质耦合传递等方面归纳总结国内外CFD技术在木材干燥研究中的应用现状,指出目前研究存在的不足并展望未来研究热点。     

《名特优绿茶初加工技术研究及示范项目》实施方法与成效初报

本文对《名特优绿茶初加工技术研究及示范》项目的实施方法与初步成效进行了回顾与总结,归纳提出主要的实施技术方法与途径,排查疑难,增强信心;开展调研,加强交流;规范工艺,控制质量;引进设备,改良产品;产品创优,规模发展,为提高优质率寻求技术途径。     

浅谈低温热水地板采暖的特点及应用前景

低温热水地板采暖广泛应用于北欧、美国、加拿大以及韩国等国家，但在我国地板采暖的应用才刚刚起步。本文简要阐述了低温热水地板采暖的特点，并对其在我国的应用前景进行了展望。     

Forest condition and management in Swedish forest commons

Forest commons are regarded as a means to support local development and sustainable forest conditions. To evaluate the development impact of Swedish forest commons, comparative surveys have been undertaken in three regions, and the differences in forest condition and management between categories of commons as well as their relation to other forest ownerships have been assessed. Regional differences between the by-laws, historical development and geographical conditions are apparent. It is concluded that two of three regions have an overly restrictive harvesting policy given the purpose of the forest commons and the official forest policy. The study results underline the importance of evaluation of the performance of forest management in relation to management objectives, to ownership alternatives and to the impact of local variations in preconditions.