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1.
Thi Thanh Huong CHU Takako MURANO Yukiko UNO Tatsufumi USUI Tsuyoshi YAMAGUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1397-1403
Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite, is an obligatory
blood-sucking ectoparasite. The genetic diversity of D. gallinae has been
examined in some countries, but so far not in Asian countries. Here, we sequenced a part
of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and16S rRNA genes and nuclear
internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region in 239 mite samples collected from 40
prefectures throughout Japan. The COI and 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences were classified
into 28 and 26 haplotypes, respectively. In phylogenetic trees, the haplotypes clustered
into 2 haplogroups corresponding to haplogroups A and B, which were previously reported.
Haplogroups A and B were further subdivided into sub-haplogroups AJ1 and AJ2, and BJ1 and
BJ2, respectively. In both trees, the sequences of haplotypes in AJ1 and BJ2 were
relatively distant from those reported in other countries, while some sequences in AJ2 and
BJ1 were identical to those in Europe. In addition, the ITS sequences were classified into
two sequences, and both sequences were closely related to the sequences found in European
countries. These findings indicate a possibility of international oversea transmission of
D. gallinae. 相似文献
2.
Taiki UNO Takuya KATO Yoshikazu SEKI Eiichi KAWAKAMI Shin-ichi HAYAMA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(6):421-425
Feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) have been growing in number in Japan, and they are becoming a problematic invasive species. Consequently, they are commonly captured and killed in pest control programs. For effective population control of feral raccoons, it is necessary to understand their reproductive physiology and ecology. Although the reproductive traits of female raccoons are well known, those of the males are not well understood because specialized knowledge and facilities are required to study them. In this study, we first used a simple evaluation method to assess spermatogenesis and presence of spermatozoa in the tail of the epididymis of feral male raccoons by histologically examining the testis and epididymis. We then evaluated the possibility of using 7 variables—body weight, body length, body mass index, testicular weight, epididymal weight, testicular size and gonadosomatic index (GSI)—to estimate spermatogenesis and presence of spermatozoa
in the tail of the epididymis. GSI and body weight were chosen as criteria for spermatogenesis, and GSI was chosen as the criterion for presence of spermatozoa in the tail of the epididymis. Because GSI is calculated from body weight and testicular weight, this model should be able to be used to estimate the reproductive state of male raccoons regardless of season and age when just these two parameters are known. In this study, GSI was demonstrated to be an index of reproductive state in male raccoons. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a use for GSI in a member of the Carnivora. 相似文献
3.
Yasuhiro UNO Masakiyo HOSOKAWA Teruko IMAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):721-724
Arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), a microsomal serine esterase, hydrolyzes drugs, such
as flutamide, phenacetin and rifampicin. Because AADAC has not been fully investigated at
molecular levels in cynomolgus macaques, the non-human primate species widely used in drug
metabolism studies, cynomolgus AADAC cDNA was isolated and characterized. The deduced
amino acid sequence, highly homologous (92%) to human AADAC, was more closely clustered
with human AADAC than the dog, rat or mouse ortholog in a phylogenetic tree.
AADAC was flanked by AADACL2 and
SUCNR1 in the cynomolgus and human genomes. Moreover, relatively
abundant expression of AADAC mRNA was found in liver and jejunum, the drug-metabolizing
organs, in cynomolgus macaques, similar to humans. The results suggest molecular
similarities of AADAC between cynomolgus macaques and humans. 相似文献
4.
Yasuhiro UNO Hiroshi YAMAZAKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):147-148
In cynomolgus macaques, which are widely used in drug metabolism studies, CYP2C19(formerly known as CYP2C75) is abundantly expressed in liver, metabolizes human CYP2Csubstrates and is thus an important drug-metabolizing enzyme. One of the cynomolgusCYP2C19 alleles (p.Phe100Asn, p.Ala103Val and p.Ile112Leu) results insubstantially reduced metabolic activity and thus is an important allele in drugmetabolism studies. For this allele, a genotyping tool was developed using allele-specificTaqMan probe. Genotyping 40 Cambodian cynomolgus macaques using this tool found 1homozygote, 17 heterozygotes and 22 wild type animals, and the result was confirmed bydirect-sequencing. Interestingly, this allele frequency was similar to that of Chinesecynomolgus macaques. The genotyping tool established is useful for drug metabolism studiesusing cynomolgus macaques. 相似文献
5.
Rentsenkhand SAMBUU Mitsuhiro TAKAGI Zhao NAMULA Masahiro NII Masayasu TANIGUCHI Seiich UNO Emiko KOKUSHI Chenga TSHERING Regiane Rodrigues dos SANTOS Johanna FINK‐GREMMELS Takeshige OTOI 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(1):28-34
The effects of in vitro exposure of porcine spermatozoa to zearalenone (ZEN) and α‐zearalenol (α‐ZOL) were studied by evaluating several parameters of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) system. For this purpose, boar spermatozoa cultured with semen storage medium containing 0 (control), 10 and 1000 µg/L of ZEN and α‐ZOL for 1 week at 5°C were used for IVF of in vitro matured oocytes. Overall, there were no significant differences in the rates of total penetration, monospermic fertilization, and polyspermic fertilization of oocytes inseminated with spermatozoa from the different groups. Similarly, ZEN and α‐ZOL at 10 and 1000 µg/L did not have detrimental effects on the cleavage and development to blastocysts of oocytes after in vitro fertilization. Although the motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa significantly decreased after 3 weeks of storage compared to non‐stored spermatozoa (P < 0.05), ZEN and α‐ZOL at the evaluated concentrations did not exert detrimental effects on the above parameters, even after 3 weeks of storage. These results indicate that prolonged exposure of boar spermatozoa to ZEN and α‐ZOL up to 1000 µg/L under reduced metabolic conditions does not affect their in vitro function. 相似文献
6.
Jumpei Toriyama Seiich Ohta Makoto Araki Mamoru Kanzaki Saret Khorn Phearak Pith Sopheap Lim Sopheavuth Pol 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(1):15-24
We investigated soil physical properties in three forest types in tropical lowland monsoon forests in central Cambodia under
the same climatic conditions, i.e., Kanhaplic Haplustults in dry evergreen forest (KH-E), Arenic Haplustults in dry deciduous
forest (AH-D), and Arenic Ultic Alorthods in mixed evergreen–deciduous forest (AA-M), to clarify the relationship between
forest types and soil physical properties. The clay content was correlated with water content at ψ = −9.8 and −1500 kPa (WC10 and WC1500), available water capacity (AWC), and the van Genuchten (vG) parameter N (P < 0.01). vG parameter N was in the order AH-D > AA-M > KH-E whereas vG parameter α had a high value in KH-E soil at 0–100 cm in depth. The cumulative AWC (AWCcl, mm) at a soil depth of 0–200 cm was higher in the AH-D than in the KH-E, and was not considered a major factor affecting
the distribution of different forest types under the same climatic conditions. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) at 0–100 cm in depth, estimated by use of models, was higher in AH-D than in KH-E mostly at matric potential ψ > −10 kPa. The low K in KH-E at ψ > −10 kPa was considered favorable for evergreen trees to retain the soil water for the transpiration in the dry season,
and the matric potential in KH-E showed more gentle decreases in the early dry seasons than AH-D. Thus the differences in
K among generally sandy soil types could possibly affect the establishment of different forest types in the study area with
the same climate. 相似文献
7.
以耳袋法将长角血蜱(Haemaphysalis longicornis)幼虫饲于实验感染双芽巴贝斯虫(Babesia bigemina)牛,幼虫饱血后24h内,其肠管内容物中红细胞内、外见有单梨子型(3.5~4.5μm×1.2~2.6μm)和双梨子型(4.1~4.8μm×1.8~3.0μm)两种裂殖体.饱血后24~48h,随着裂殖体细胞膜及核变性而发生形态变化.48~72h,绝大多数裂殖体出现溶解.72h后,这些裂殖体从肠道消失.其后,在蜱肠上皮及血淋巴中也未能找到双芽巴贝斯虫体.本实验从形态学上证明双芽巴贝斯虫在长角血蜱若虫肠道内不能发育. 相似文献
8.
Chu Thi Thanh HUONG Takako MURANO Yukiko UNO Tatsufumi USUI Tsuyoshi YAMAGUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1583-1587
Poultry red mite (PRM,
Dermanyssus gallinae) is a blood-sucking ectoparasite as well as a
possible vector of several avian pathogens. In this study, to define the role of PRM in
the prevalence of avian infectious agents, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to
check for the presence of seven pathogens: Avipox virus (APV), Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV),
Marek’s disease virus (MDV), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (ER),
Salmonella enterica (SE), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). A total of 159 PRM samples collected
between 2004 and 2012 from 142 chicken farms in 38 prefectures in Japan were examined. APV
DNA was detected in 22 samples (13.8%), 19 of which were wild-type APV. 16S ribosomal RNA
(16S rRNA) of MS was detected in 15 samples (9.4%), and the mgc2 gene of
MG was detected in 2 samples (1.3%). Eight of 15 MS 16S rRNA sequences differed from the
vaccine sequence, indicating they were wild-type strains, while both of the MG
mgc2 gene sequences detected were identical to the vaccine sequences.
Of these avian pathogen-positive mite samples, three were positive for both wild-types of
APV and MS. On the other hand, the DNAs of ER, SE, FAdV and MDV were not detected in any
samples. These findings indicated that PRM can harbor the wild-type pathogens and might
play a role as a vector in spreading these diseases in farms. 相似文献
9.
Yasuhiro UNO Shinya HOSAKA Hiroshi YAMAZAKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1647-1650
Cytochromes P450 (P450) are
important for not only drug metabolism and toxicity, but also biosynthesis and metabolism
of cholesterol and bile acids, and steroid synthesis. In cynomolgus macaques, widely used
in biomedical research, we have characterized P450 cDNAs, which were isolated as expressed
sequence tags of cynomolgus macaque liver. In this study, cynomolgus CYP7A1, CYP17A1,
CYP20A1, CYP27A1 and CYP51A1 cDNAs were characterized by sequence analysis, phylogenetic
analysis and tissue expression pattern. By sequence analysis, these five cynomolgus P450s
had high sequence identities (94–99%) to the human orthologs in amino acids. By
phylogenetic analysis, each cynomolgus P450 was more closely related to the human ortholog
as compared with the dog or rat ortholog. By quantitative polymerase chain reaction, among
the 10 tissue types, CYP7A1 and CYP17A1 mRNAs were preferentially expressed in liver and
adrenal gland, respectively. Cynomolgus CYP27A1 and CYP51A1 mRNAs were most abundantly
expressed in liver and testis, respectively. Cynomolgus CYP20A1 mRNA was expressed in all
the tissues, including brain and liver. Tissue expression patterns of each cynomolgus P450
were generally similar to that of the human ortholog. These results suggest the molecular
similarities of CYP7A1, CYP17A1, CYP20A1, CYP27A1 and CYP51A1 between cynomolgus macaques
and humans. 相似文献
10.