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1.
Key Factors Affecting Reproductive Success of Thoroughbred Mares and Stallions on a Commercial Stud Farm
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EA Lane MLJ Bijnen M Osborne SJ More ISF Henderson P Duffy MA Crowe 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(2):181-187
To evaluate factors contributing to fertility of thoroughbred mares, data from 3743 oestrous periods of 2385 mares were collected on a large thoroughbred farm in Ireland. Fourteen stallions (mean age 8.3 years; range 4–15 years) had bred 2385 mares (mean age 9.4 years; range 3–24 years). Maiden mares accounted for 12%, mares with a foal at foot for 64%, and barren, slipped or rested mares for 24% of the total. The mean pregnancy rate per cycle was 67.8% (68.6% in year 1 and 66.9% in year 2). Backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to develop two models to evaluate mare factors, including mare age, reproductive status, month of foaling, dystocia, month of cover, foal heat, cycle number, treatments, walk‐in status and stallion factors including stallion identity, stallion age, shuttle status, time elapsed between covers and high stallion usage on the per cycle pregnancy rate and pregnancy loss. Old age (p < 0.001) and cover within 20 days post‐partum (p < 0.003) were associated with lowered pregnancy rates. High mare age (p < 0.05) and barren, slipped or rested reproductive status (p = 0.05) increased the likelihood of pregnancy loss. Uterine inflammation or infection, if appropriately treated, did not affect fertility. Only high usage of stallions (used more than 21 times in previous week) was associated with lowered (p = 0.009) pregnancy rates. However, shuttle stallions were more likely to have increased (p = 0.035) pregnancy survival, perhaps reflecting a bias in stallion selection. In conclusion, mare age exerted the greatest influence on fertility; nonetheless, thoroughbreds can be effectively managed to achieve high reproductive performance in a commercial setting. 相似文献
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The effects of vaccination of Merino ewes with an attenuated Australian bluetongue virus serotype 23 at different stages of gestation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SUMMARY A cell culture attenuated Australian bluetongue virus serotype 23 (BLU23) prototype vaccine was assessed for its effects on pregnant Merino sheep. Seventy-six ewes were vaccinated at 5 different stages of gestation, and the failure to lamb at term was as follows: 35 to 43 days of gestation, 20/36 (56%); 57 to 64 days of gestation, 3/10 (30%); 81 to 88 days of gestation, 3/10 (30%); 109 to 116 days of gestation, 0/10 (0%); 130 to 137 days of gestation, 0/10 (0%). Of 30 ewes vaccinated with a cell culture supernatant fluid control between 35 and 43 days of gestation, 6.7% (2/30) failed to lamb at term. Two ewes vaccinated with BLU23 vaccine between 35 and 43 days of gestation had lambs with hydranencephaly. All other lambs born were clinically normal. Three ewes vaccinated with BLU23 aborted. Two of these were vaccinated between 35 and 43 days of gestation, the 3rd between 81 and 88 days of gestation. Five lambs were born with BLU group antibody. Four of these were from ewes vaccinated between 35 and 43 days of gestation, and 2 of these had hydranencephaly. The fifth was from a ewe vaccinated between 57 and 64 days of gestation. The vaccine did not produce disease in adult sheep, but was a potent cause of early foetal death and to a much lesser extent foetal malformation. 相似文献
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Mature gilts classified by low (12 to 16 corpora lutea [CL], n = 6) or high (17 to 26 CL, n = 5) ovulation rate (OR) were compared for plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone, estradiol-17beta, and inhibin during an estrous cycle. Gilts were checked for estrus at 8-h intervals beginning on d 18. Blood samples were collected at 8-h intervals beginning on d 18 of the third estrous cycle and continued for one complete estrous cycle. Analysis for FSH and LH was performed on samples collected at 8-h intervals and for ovarian hormones on samples collected at 24-h intervals. The data were standardized to the peak of LH at fourth (d 0) and fifth estrus for the follicular phase and analyzed in discrete periods during the periovulatory (-1, 0, +1 d relative to LH peak), early-luteal (d 1 to 5), mid-luteal (d 6 to 10), late-luteal (11 to 15), periluteolytic (-1, 0, +1 d relative to progesterone decline), and follicular (5 d prior to fifth estrus) phases of the estrous cycle. The number of CL during the sampling estrous cycle was greater (P < 0.005) for the high vs low OR gilts (18.8 vs 14.3) and again (P < 0.001) in the cycle subsequent to hormone measurement (20.9 vs 14.7). For high-OR gilts, FSH was greater during the ovulatory period (P = 0.002), the mid- (P < 0.05) and late-luteal phases (P = 0.01), and tended to be elevated during the early-luteal (P = 0.06), but not the luteolytic or follicular periods. LH was greater in high-OR gilts during the ovulatory period (P < 0.005), but not at other periods during the cycle. In high-OR gilts, progesterone was greater in the mid, late, and ovulatory phases (P < 0.005), but not in the follicular, ovulatory, and early-luteal phases. Concentrations of estradiol-17beta were not different between OR groups during the cycle. Inhibin was greater for the high OR group (P < 0.005) during the early, mid, late, luteolytic, and follicular phases (P < 0.001). The duration of the follicular phase (from last baseline estrogen value to the LH peak) was 6.5 +/- 0.5 d and was not affected by OR group. These results indicate that elevated concentrations of both FSH and LH are associated with increased ovulation rate during the ovulatory phase, but that only elevated FSH during much of the luteal phase is associated with increased ovulation rate. Of the ovarian hormones, both inhibin and progesterone are highly related to greater ovulation rates. These findings could aid in understanding how ovulation rate is controlled in pigs. 相似文献
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The dynamics of a fluid surface filled with high-amplitude ripples were studied with a technique (diffusing light photography) that resolves the height at all locations instantaneously. Even when nonlinearities are strong enough to generate a (Kolmogorov) cascade from long wavelength (where energy is input) to shorter wavelength, the resulting turbulent state contains large coherent spatial structures. The appearance of these structures in a thermal equilibrium state (with the same average energy) would be highly improbable. 相似文献
6.
TF. JUBB P. BRIGHTLING J. MALMO† MT. LARCOMBE GA. ANDERSON SJ. HIDES‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(10):334-336
Anoestrous dairy cows in seasonally calving herds in the Macalister Irrigation District of Gippsland, Victoria were treated at the start of the mating period with a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (CIDR). The CIDR was inserted for 7 days and 400 IU of PMSG was injected intramuscularly at removal. There was no clinically useful difference among cows receiving the CIDR, a placebo and untreated cows in the interval from treatment to either first oestrus or conception, the conception rate to first service or percent pregnant by the end of mating. Analyses of data from 2-year-old cows, older cattle, cows calved at least 45 days or cows calved at least 55 days and cows treated 3 weeks after the start of mating did not show improved reproductive performance following treatment with the CIDR. 相似文献
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Abstract CASE HISTORY: A 13-year-old Thoroughbred mare was presented with a history of mild colic over 3 days. This colic had acutely exacerbated and was unresponsive to analgesic treatment, and was referred to Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. CLINICAL FINDINGS: On examination the heart rate was 100 beats per minute, and mucous membranes were pale and tacky. A large mass was detected on transrectal palpation in the caudal abdomen to the left of midline. Explorative laparotomy revealed severe haemoperitoneum and several masses that were associated with the reproductive tract. The mare was then subject to euthanasia. On post-mortem examination, adjacent and attached to each ovary were soft, lobulated dark red masses up to 200 mm in diameter. Similar masses were present in the omentum and on the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm and the serosa of the spleen and liver. Histopathology revealed that the neoplastic component of the masses comprised proliferating cuboidal to columnar cells forming disorganised acini and cords separated by dense collagenous stroma. Immunohistochemistry showed the neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and vimentin, but negative for cytokeratin 7 and inhibin α. DIAGNOSIS: Bilateral ovarian adenocarcinoma with transcoelomic metastasis and terminal decompensation due to rupture of a neoplastic mass and consequent haemoperitoneum. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To the authors' knowledge, bilateral ovarian adenocarcinoma has not been previously reported in a horse. Ovarian adenocarcinoma should be considered when horses present with haemoperitoneum and colic. Further research is required on the immunohistochemical differentiation of adenocarcinoma of ovarian and intestinal origin in the horse. 相似文献
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