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1.
Yukino TAMAMURA-ANDOH Nobuyuki TANAKA Keisuke SATO Yoshino MIZUNO Nobuo ARAI Ayako WATANABE-YANAI Masato AKIBA Masahiro KUSUMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(5):754
We examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of 848 Escherichia coli isolates from 237 feces samples of wild sika deer (Cervus nippon) captured between 2016 and 2019 in 39 of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Five of the 237 wild sika deer (2.1%) carried E. coli with resistance to at least one antimicrobial, and all the resistant isolates showed resistance to tetracycline. The resistant isolates contained antimicrobial resistance genes that were similar to those in E. coli derived from humans and farm animals. Although wild sika deer are not currently likely to be a source for the transmission of antimicrobial resistance in Japan, they can potentially mediate antimicrobial resistance spread by coming into contact with humans, animals, and their surroundings. 相似文献
2.
Hajime NAGAHATA Mari KINE Hisato WATANABE Ai TANAKA Aoi TAKAHASHI Satoshi GONDAIRA Hidetoshi HIGUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1845
Intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve)-induced somatic cell (SC) counts, chemiluminescent response (CL), lactoferrin (LF) concentrations and mastitis-causing pathogens from quarters with subclinical mastitis were measured to evaluate innate immune response of mammary glands in dairy cows at 3 to 4 weeks before drying off. SC counts in 7 quarters of 7 control cows and 5 quarters of 6 cows with mastitis increased markedly on day 1 and SC values in control cows were significantly (P<0.05) increased and returned to pre-infusion levels on day 5 after B. breve-infusion. CL values in both groups increased markedly on day 1 and then decreased after B. breve-infusion; however, CL values in cows with mastitis did not return to normal levels on day 5 and at postpartum. The CL values were highly correlated with their SC counts in milk from both groups. LF concentrations increased toward day 3 after B. breve-infusion and were higher in cows with mastitis. B. breve-infusion eliminated 16.6% (1/6) of pathogens from 6 quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis. B. breve-induced SC responses in quarters from 3 cows with mastitis showed characteristic patterns of recovery, persistent and new infections. B. breve-induced SC counts in quarters from the cows in the pre-drying off were lower (25.7–70.6%) than those of the cows in mid-lactation. The intrinsic innate immune response in cows on pre-drying off may be decreased and appears to be insufficient to eliminate pathogens from mammary gland in the pre-drying off. 相似文献
3.
4.
Hidemasa NAKAMINAMI Yuu OKAMURA Satomi TANAKA Takeaki WAJIMA Nobuo MURAYAMA Norihisa NOGUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):214
Currently, antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), are frequently isolated from canine superficial pyoderma in Japan. However, little is known regarding the nasal prevalence of MRSP in pet dogs. Here, we determined the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in nares and affected sites of pet dogs with superficial pyoderma. Of the 125 nares and 108 affected sites of pet dogs with superficial pyoderma, 107 (13 species) and 110 (eight species) staphylococci strains, respectively, were isolated. The isolation rate of S. pseudintermedius from pyoderma sites (82/110 strains, 74.5%) was significantly higher than that from nares (57/107 strains, 53.3%) (P<0.01). Notably, the prevalence of MRSP (18/57 strains, 31.6%) in nares was equivalent to that in pyoderma sites (28/82 strains, 34.1%). Furthermore, the phenotypes and genotypes of antimicrobial resistance in MRSP strains from nares were similar to those from pyoderma sites. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in the nares of pet dogs with superficial pyoderma is the same level as that in affected sites. Therefore, considerable attention should be paid to the antimicrobial resistance of commensal staphylococci in companion animals. 相似文献
5.
Natsumi ENDO Larasati Puji RAHAYU Toshiya ARAKAWA Tomomi TANAKA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2016,62(1):115-119
Here, we report a new method for measuring behavioral patterns during estrus in goats based on video
tracking analysis. Data were collected from cycling goats, which were in estrus (n = 8) or not in estrus (n =
8). An observation pen (2.5 m × 2.5 m) was set up in the corner of the female paddock with one side adjacent
to a male paddock. The positions and movements of goats were tracked every 0.5 sec for 10 min by using a video
tracking software, and the trajectory data were used for the analysis. There were no significant differences
in the durations of standing and walking or the total length of movement. However, the number of approaches to
a male and the duration of staying near the male were higher in goats in estrus than in goats not in estrus.
The proposed evaluation method may be suitable for detailed monitoring of behavioral changes during estrus in
goats. 相似文献
6.
Toshie ISHIWATA Katsuji UETAKE Robert J. KILGOUR Toshio TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(6):587-593
Commercial dairy cows milked in a parlor system are packed close together in the holding area before milking. The present study examined the relationships of ‘looking up’ behavior with some other behaviors and the productivity of 1116–1153 cows from five farms. The individual identities of the cows looking up in the holding area were recorded at 5 min intervals during six intermittent afternoon milking sessions. Entrance into the milking parlor and the numbers of steps and kicks by cows while the milking person was attaching the milking cups, were recorded in six milking sessions. Flight responses in the pasture after milking were recorded over four days intermittently. The frequency of ‘looking up’ behavior weakly, but significantly correlated with flight starting distance (r = 0.10, P < 0.05), while the correlation with the number of step‐kicks during milking was not significant. As for productivity, lactation number (r = ?0.18, P < 0.001), milk yield (r = ?0.15, P < 0.001) and fat content (r = ?0.15, P < 0.001) were negatively correlated with the frequency of ‘looking up’ behavior. Age of cows was correlated with the frequency of ‘looking up’ behavior as well as lactation number (r = ?0.21, P < 0.001). Entrance order was positively correlated with the frequency of ‘looking up’ behavior (r = 0.15, P < 0.001). The ‘looking up’ behavior was observed more frequently in cows in their third or less lactation compared with cows which were in their fourth or greater lactation (P < 0.05). The lactation number of cows was correlated with their milk yield (r = 0.36, P < 0.001) and flight starting distance (r = ?0.21, P < 0.001). In conclusion, ‘looking up’ behavior shown by cows in the holding area before milking might be an indicator of low motivation for milking, mainly because of fear of humans, and an aversion to milking caused by insufficient experience in being milked. 相似文献
7.
To determine the factors affecting agonistic interactions after regrouping, 24 pigs were allocated to six pens that each had a box. Half of the pigs were experienced in using the box. One castrated male and one female pig were transferred from each pen to another pen at random. The number of pigs attacked was particularly large for the pigs that had no experience in using the box and were transferred on the first day ( P < 0.05). The duration of access to the box was markedly longer for the pigs that had experience in using the box and were not transferred on the first day ( P < 0.05). The number and duration of attacks were significantly larger and longer toward unfamiliar individuals than toward familiar ones (both P < 0.01). The number of attacks toward the same sex was significantly larger than toward the opposite sex ( P < 0.01). A negative correlation was found between the number of agonistic interactions on the first day and the range of body weights in the pen mates ( r = −0.78, P = 0.07). In conclusion, regrouping with unfamiliar individuals should be avoided, but when unavoidable, the following methods are recommended to reduce agonistic interactions: (1) ensure the intruders are experienced in using a box, (2) move experienced intruders in with residents that have no experience in using a box, (3) mix different sexes, and (4) have wide variations in body weights in a pen. 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACT: The changes in physical habitats and responses of fish, e.g. the Kirikuchi charr Salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus , were examined by placing instream structures in a stream on the upper drainage of the Totsu River system of the Kii Peninsula, Japan, over a two-year period. Instream structures created pools below the structures, and these pools have maintained their functions as fish habitats over two years. In two treatment sections, sections A and B (some red-spotted masu salmon were removed in advance in section B), mean water depth increased soon after placing the structures, but decreased over two years. Mean water velocity slowed after placing the structures in both sections. Total fish abundance has been relatively high at the two treatment sections compared with a control section after placing the structures. Age 1 Kirikuchi charr, however, increased only in section B. These results indicate that instream structures can serve as habitat enhancement for fish, including Kirikuchi charr, in the study area if other appropriate habitat factors for respective species are taken into consideration. 相似文献
9.
Mizuki OGAWA Yasutomo HORI Nobuyuki KANNO Naoki IWASA Takeshi TOYOFUKU Noriko ISAYAMA Akane YOSHIKAWA Ryota AKABANE Atsushi SAKATANI Hirosumi MIYAKAWA Huai-Hsun HSU Yuichi MIYAGAWA Naoyuki TAKEMURA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(4):705
Plasma N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) concentration increases with progression of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs. This multicentre, prospective study compared plasma NT-proANP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), ANP, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations in dogs with MMVD for their characteristics and discriminatory ability to detect cardiac dilatation and congestive heart failure (CHF). Thirty-six healthy dogs and 69 dogs with MMVD were included. Clinical variables were obtained via physical examination, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography. The discriminatory ability of each cardiac biomarker (CB) to determine the presence or absence of cardiac dilatation (event 1) and CHF (event 2) was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curves. Plasma NT-proANP, NT-proBNP, and ANP concentrations showed a significant association with the left atrium/aorta ratio (P<0.01). The area under the curve of plasma NT-proANP and NT-proBNP concentrations were 0.72 and 0.75, respectively in event1 and 0.72 and 0.76, respectively in event2. Plasma NT-proANP and NT-proBNP concentrations showed sensitivity 80.0 and 80.0%; specificity 67.6 and 64.7% in event1 (cutoff value; 8,497.81 pg/ml and 1,453.00 pmol/l, respectively) and sensitivity 85.7 and 81.0%; specificity 60.4 and 64.6% in event2 (cutoff value; 8,684.33 pg/ml and 1,772.00 pmol/l, respectively). In dogs with MMVD, plasma NT-proANP, NT-proBNP, and ANP concentrations increase with left atrial enlargement. Particularly, plasma NT-proANP and NT-proBNP concentrations appeared to be equally useful in the discriminatory ability to detect cardiac dilatation and CHF. 相似文献
10.
Yuko Ota Megumi K. Kimura Tsutomu Hattori Yurika Miyuki Ryota Endo 《Journal of Forest Research》2016,21(2):105-109
Trunk rot, caused by Fomitiporia torreyae, is one of the most economically important sap rot diseases on Cryptomeria japonica, especially on a cutting cultivar ‘Sanbu-sugi’. This disease had been reported only from Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures in Japan; however, a similar trunk rot on Japanese cedars was found recently in Kyoto prefecture. We identified the causal agent of the trunk rot on Japanese cedars in Kyoto prefecture, clarified the genotype of ‘Sanbu-sugi’ (sensu stricto) using microsatellite markers, and then investigated the relatedness of these infected cedars with ‘Sanbu-sugi’. The pathogen was identified as F. torreyae by its DNA sequences and morphological characteristics of the fruiting body. The 25 ramets of ‘Sanbu-sugi’ had only one genotype based on eight microsatellite loci. Infected Japanese cedars in Kyoto were comprised of different genotypes and showed no close relatedness to ‘Sanbu-sugi’. This is the first report of trunk rot caused by F. torreyae on cultivars of Japanese cedar with no relatedness to ‘Sanbu-sugi’ outside of Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures and showed the potential for expansion of this disease to Japanese cedar plantations in other areas. 相似文献