花椰菜雄性不育系组培快繁及无糖培养技术

以花椰菜雄性不育亲本的花球为外植体,进行组培快繁及无糖生产技术的研究。结果表明：在MS＋BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.3 mg/L的培养基上诱导,25 d时不定芽的分化率达到96%,继代增殖在MS＋BA 0.6 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L的培养基效果最好,增殖率可达4.25倍。无糖组织培养的培养基为MS无机成分＋NAA 0.1,光照4 000 lx,CO2浓度1 000 mL/L,11 d可大量生根。通过上述方法,1个花球,在4个月可生产上万株组培苗,是一种高效快速的方法。     

SD5切丝机烟叶切丝工艺的优化

[目的]探索SD5切丝机最佳烟叶切丝加工参数,为提高烟叶切丝质量提供科学依据.[方法]分别对SD5切丝机的刀门压力、刀辊转速、修正系数、排链比速等因素进行优化,探讨其对烟叶切丝合格率的影响.[结果]刀门压力与切丝合格率相关,且呈—元线性关系;刀辊转速与切丝合格率关系显著,且呈一元二次关系;修正系数明显影响切丝合格率;排链比速与切丝合格率关系显著,呈一元二次关系;切丝合格率影响因素的主次顺序为：刀辊转速＞刀门压力＞排链比速＞修正系数.当刀辊转速为289 r/min、刀门压力为0.252 MPa、排链比速为0.9、修正系数为1.01时,切丝合格率达96.3％,可满足工艺要求.[结论]SD5切丝机设置不同参数,对切丝合格率有明显的影响.烟叶在切丝加工时对切丝机的各关键设备参数进行合理设置、有效控制,可达到稳定和提高切丝合格率的目的.     

Analysis of systematic and genetic effects on the prevalence of different types of primary lens opacifications in the wild-boar-colored wirehaired Dachshund

The aims of this study were to analyze the influence of systematic environmental effects on the prevalence of primary non-congenital cataract (CAT), fibreglass cataract in the nucleus (FCN), and prominent suture lines (PSL) and to estimate the heritabilities of these eye diseases in the wild-boar-colored wirehaired Dachshunds (WWD) bred in the German Dachshund Club 1888 e.V. (DTK). Data included 2,430 WWD born between 1995 and 2003 that were examined between 1996 and 2005 by veterinary ophthalmologists. CAT was diagnosed in 3.83% of the 2,430 dogs, FCN in 3.74%, and PSL in 2.76%. Sex, size, inbreeding coefficient, the age of the dog at examination, experience of the veterinary ophthalmologist and the additive genetic effect of the animal were considered in the multivariate linear model. The age of the dog at examination had a significant influence on the prevalence of FCN. The degree of experience of the veterinary ophthalmologist significantly influenced the prevalence of FCN and PSL. Using a transformation into the Dempster-Lerner threshold model, heritability estimates (h(DL)2) for WWD were h(DL)2 = 0.39 +/- 0.13 for CAT, h(DL)2 = 0.36 +/- 0.11 for FCN and h(DL)2 = 0.49 +/- 0.12 for PSL. Positive genetic correlations (r(g)) were found between CAT and FCN (r(g) = 0.58 +/- 0.21), between PSL and FCN (r(g) = 0.83 +/- 0.23), and between CAT and PSL (r(g) = 0.79 +/- 0.06). The eye diseases investigated here in the Dachshund were found to be genetically influenced and positively correlated traits.     

二甲硝咪唑及其代谢物在猪体内的消除规律

建立了应用HPLC法测定二甲硝咪唑（DMZ）在猪组织中残留的方法。在猪肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、脂肪等组织中添加高、中、低不同量的二甲硝咪唑，HPLC测定的回收率均在80％以上，变异系数在10％以内。肌肉、肝脏、肾脏的最低检测限为10μg/kg，脂肪为50μg/kg。同时研究了二甲硝咪唑在猪组织中残留的消除规律。试验结果认为，二甲硝咪唑在猪体内很快地转变为2－羟甲基硝基咪唑（DMZOH），DMZOH是其主要代谢物。以300、600mg/kg的剂量连续内服5d，停药48h后各组织中均检测不到DMZ及DMZOH。     

Analysis of systematic and genetic effects on the prevalence of primary cataract, persistent pupillary membrane and distichiasis in the two color variants of English Cocker Spaniels in Germany

Genetic parameters were estimated for prevalences of primary cataract (CAT), persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) and distichiasis (DIST) in 615 single-colored and 617 multi-colored English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) bred in the German kennel club for Spaniels (Jagdspaniel-Klub e.V.). CAT or CAT diagnosed in dogs up to three and a half years of age (early-onset cataract, CAT-early) and CAT diagnosed in dogs over three and a half years of age (late-onset cataract, CAT-late), PPM and DIST were included as binary traits in multivariate genetic analyses. Heritabilities on the underlying liability scale were 0.15 for CAT, 0.34 for CAT-early, 0.13 for CAT-late, 0.46 for PPM, and 0.62 for DIST in single-colored ECS and 0.06 for CAT, 0.13 for CAT-early, 0.14 for CAT-late, 0.10 for PPM, and 0.61 for DIST in multi-colored ECS. There were indications for a different genetic basis of CAT-early and CAT-late in single-colored ECS as genetic correlations were close to zero. In multi-colored ECS, a similar tendency for CAT-early and CAT-late could be observed.     

Analysis of the mode of inheritance for distichiasis in the Elo dog breed using complex segregation analyses

The inheritance of distichiasis was analyzed in the dog breed Elo using complex segregation analyses.The different hypotheses of monogenic, mixed-monogenic-polygenic and polygenic inheritance as well as a pure environmental model were tested. In further analyses the number of examined Elo dogs per ophthalmologist and the proportion of genes of Eurasian and Old English Sheepdogs were included in the models as covariates. Seven families were randomly collected for the analyses.The seven families comprised a total of 296 animals with 218 examined and 65 affected dogs. A genetic component was verified for the prevalence of distichiasis. Mixed models with a recessive, dominant or arbitrary major gene effect and the polygenic model represented likely hypotheses of inheritance. The prevalence of distichiasis observed was insufficiently explained by non-genetic factors and the breed composition. Therefore, a model only including non-genetic factors and the breed composition could be excluded.     

Penny ice cap cores, baffin island, canada, and the wisconsinan foxe dome connection: two states of hudson bay ice cover

Ice cores from Penny Ice Cap, Baffin Island, Canada, provide continuous Holocene records of oxygen isotopic composition (delta18O, proxy for temperature) and atmospheric impurities. A time scale was established with the use of altered seasonal variations, some volcanic horizons, and the age for the end of the Wisconsin ice age determined from the GRIP and GISP2 ice cores. There is pre-Holocene ice near the bed. The change in delta18O since the last glacial maximum (LGM) is at least 12.5 per mil, compared with an expected value of 7 per mil, suggesting that LGM ice originated at the much higher elevations of the then existing Foxe Dome and Foxe Ridge of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The LGM delta18O values suggest thick ice frozen to the bed of Hudson Bay.     

Synchronized Terrestrial-Atmospheric Deglacial Records Around the North Atlantic

On the basis of synchronization of three carbon-14 (14C)-dated lacustrine sequences from Sweden with tree ring and ice core records, the absolute age of the Younger Dryas-Preboreal climatic shift was determined to be 11,450 to 11,390 +/- 80 years before the present. A 150-year-long cooling in the early Preboreal, associated with rising Delta14C values, is evident in all records and indicates an ocean ventilation change. This cooling is similar to earlier deglacial coolings, and box-model calculations suggest that they all may have been the result of increased freshwater forcing that inhibited the strength of the North Atlantic heat conveyor, although the Younger Dryas may have begun as an anomalous meltwater event.