Milk depletion of dicloxacillin residues in cows and sheep following intramammary administration

The excretion rate of dicloxacillin from milk was studied after intramammary administration of a suspension of the drug active in vegetable oil. Eight cows and eight sheep, four of each group in low and four in high milk production, were dosed with 200 mg dicloxacillin/quarter in cows and 100 mg dicloxacillin/quarter in sheep, three times at 12 h intervals. The dicloxacillin concentrations in milk were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In cows, time until dicloxacillin was undetectable was 48 h and no difference was observed between the groups. In sheep, dicloxacillin was undetectable 72 h and 84 h after the treatment in low and in high milk production groups, respectively. The implications of several factors affecting the possible milk withdrawal period were studied. The results indicated that the pharmaceutical vehicle and the coefficient of lipid solubility exerted major effects on depletion time.     

Welfare and Immune Response

Veterinary Research Communications - Bonizzi, L. and Roncada, P., 2007. Welfare and immune response. Veterinary Research Communications, 31(Suppl. 1), 97–102     

Pharmacokinetics and residual behaviour in milk of oxytetracycline in cows following administration of uterine pessaries

The plasma kinetics and residual depletion in milk of cows treated by the intrauterine route with pessaries containing oxytetracycline (OTC) were evaluated. The antibiotic was administered to five healthy Friesian cows at a dosage of 3g/head in the early post partum phase. Blood samples were collected before and at different time intervals (3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 84, and 96 h) after treatment. Milk was drawn before treatment and at 12-h intervals for 4 consecutive days. Samples were analysed by a high-performance liquid chromatography method and the pharmacokinetic parameters were processed using the minimum Akaike information criterion estimation (MAICE) test. The mean values obtained indicated a relatively low area under the concentration time curve (25.19+/-12.61 microg/mg per h) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) (0.549+/-0.278 microg/mL) with delayed time to Cmax (11.71+/-4.15 h) and elimination half-life (21.96+/-4.42 h). A similar pattern could be shown for milk, in which measurable residual levels are found in two out of five animals until the 72nd hour after treatment. Data obtained demonstrate that OTC administered as a solid form is poorly and slowly absorbed from the uterus of cows.     

Proteomic study of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains

Veterinary Research Communications -