Cavitation and the interaction between macroscopic hydrophobic surfaces

The interaction in water of neutral hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon surfaces, prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett deposition of surfactant monolayers, has been investigated. The attraction between these hydrophobic surfaces can be measured at separations of 70 to 90 nanometers and thus is of considerably greater range than previously found. Spontaneous cavitation occurred as soon as the fluorocarbon surfaces were brought into contact but occurred between the hydrocarbon surfaces only after separation from contact. The very long range forces measured are a consequence of the metastability of water films between macroscopic hydrophobic surfaces. Thus the hydrophobic interaction between macroscopic surfaces may not be related to water structure in the same way that the hydrophobic effect between nonpolar molecules is related to water structure.     

Dynamic properties of molecularly thin liquid films

An experimental technique is described for simultaneously measuring the static and dynamic interactions of very thin liquid films between two surfaces as they are moved normally or laterally relative to each other. Film thickness can be measured and controlled to 1 angstrom. Initial results are presented of the transition in the physical properties of liquid films only one molecular layer thick to thicker films whose properties are practically indistinguishable from the bulk. In particular, the results show that two molecularly smooth surfaces, when close together in simple liquids, slide (shear) past each other while separated by a discrete number of molecular layers, and that the frictional force is "quantized" with the number of layers.     

William osler and comparative medicine

During the last thirty years of the nineteenth century, comparative medicine deeply influenced veterinary education in Montreal, New York and Philadelphia. Of the many physicians and veterinarians involved in this movement, Sir William Osler has attracted the most biographical and historical attention. However, his contributions to comparative medicine have been characterized inexactly, partly because of his later prominence as a clinician and partly because little has been written about the history of veterinary education in Quebec.

Osler's teaching and research in comparative medicine as well as his efforts to promote a veterinary profession are described and set alongside the work of other physicians and veterinarians who were his contemporaries. As a result, Osler's contributions to comparative medicine are seen to be many and important but by no means unique. Other Quebec veterinarians, including Duncan McEachran, Orphyr Bruneau, Victor T. Daubigny and J.A. Couture, and such physicians as T. Wesley Mills and J. George Adami made as many, and in some cases greater, contributions to veterinary education in Quebec than did Osler. That they have not received the degree of recognition that Osler has received reveals Osler's ability to represent values and ideals and draws attention to some essential features of late nineteenth-century comparative medicine.

     

Bovine ceroid-lipofuscinosis: pathology of blindness

Five Devon cattle with suspected ceroid-lipofuscinosis and aged between 19 and 39 months of age were humanely slaughtered and subjected to post-mortem examination. There was severe atrophy of the cerebrum, particularly of the occipital cortex. Microscopy also showed severe atrophy of the retina with complete loss of photoreceptor cells, even in the youngest animal examined. Histopathologically the disease was characterised by accumulation of a fluorescent lipopigment in neurones, including those of the retina and a severe astrocytosis. The disease, which is characterised by the accumulation of subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase, is similar to that extensively described in South Hampshire sheep except that the retinal lesions were more severe. In contrast, tremors were not noted in the cattle. The clinical history and similarity to the disease in sheep and other species indicated inheritance was as an autosomal recessive trait.     

木材液化的发展现状及研究前景

1 木材液化的方法 1.1 化学改性后液化法 木材化学改性主要是为了引入取代基,增加木材组织内的自由空间,加上改性反应过程中木素网络结构的断裂,引起木材体积的溶胀,降低木材组分分子间的相互作用力,降低了液化温度.木材化学改性方法包括烷基化、酰化、酯化或醚化等.依据化学处理木材不同的特性,其可在中性水、有机溶剂或者有机溶液中液化,并由此制备新的高分子材料.     

超微粉新型木质复合材料强度性能分析

利用超微粉胶体SiO2液体浸渍木材对其进行改性,可提高木材抗弯强度、密度、耐磨、阻燃等方面的性能,增加尺寸稳定性,促进软质木材在建筑等相关行业的应用,是高效利用木材资源的有效途径之一。     

汽车厢条型底板用落叶松超长单板层积材生产工艺技术

提出了木段旋切工序增加单板出板率的工艺措施,重点介绍了利用低质、短小落叶松单板为原料,生产汽车厢条型底板用落叶松超长单板层积材产品的工艺技术及产品的力学性能。     

苹果炭疽叶枯病在绥中的发生与防治

2013年7月绥中县西甸子镇的一些‘乔纳金’‘嘎拉’苹果树发生类似褐斑病的叶片病害,严重的全树叶片发病,继而大量落叶.经中国农业科学院果树研究所专家现场勘察并取样化验,认为是一种新型病害——炭疽叶枯病.据报道,巴西最早于1988年发现苹果炭疽叶枯病,1999年美国也有该病发生的报道.在我国,2010年江苏丰县首次大范围发生,继之近几年来在黄河故道苹果产区（江苏、安徽、河南、山东等地）接续发生.2011-2013年在陕西礼泉、兴平一带大面积发生.我县地处辽宁省西南端,与河北省接壤,而发生该病的西甸子镇果园恰好位于与河北省交界处附近.这表明该病已由关内扩展到关外,进入辽宁苹果产区.据我们监测,该病今年仍限于西甸子镇的一些苹果园,而往东的前所、高岭、前卫、沙河直至大台山果树农场,目前尚未发现该病发生.省内其他苹果产区也尚未有发生该病的报道.说明该病目前仍仅限于辽宁省西部边境地区.