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1.
Approach of allelopathy study with Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Hevnh. and Neurospora crassa 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
KAORI TOMITA-YOKOTANI TAKAKO KATO MOHAMMAD MASUD PARVEZ YASUHEI MORI NOBUHARU GOTO KOJI HASEGAWA 《Weed Biology and Management》2003,3(2):93-97
Allelopathy in Arabidopsis seeds was investigated in the present study because there are few available reports of allelopathy studies regarding the early development stage of the plant life cycle, and because Arabidopsis is widely used as a model plant for molecular biology. When cockscomb ( Celosia cristata ) was incubated together with Arabidopsis seeds, the growth of cockscomb was promoted by Arabidopsis seeds. Exudate of Arabidopsis seeds showed a promotive activity on the growth of cockscomb and Arabidopsis itself. A new method for studying allelopathic mechanisms involving the interaction of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Hevnh. and the fungus Neurospora crassa was suggested. Arabidopsis seed exudate and the water-soluble fraction of the exudate promoted Arabidopsis growth and reduced fungal germination, indicating that the seed exudate has a species-selective activity. Conversely, the ethylacetate-soluble fraction inhibited growth of all tested materials in the current study. These results demonstrate that the water-soluble substance(s) released from Arabidopsis seeds have species-selective activity on growth of both plants and microorganisms. 相似文献
2.
Mariano Carossino Rudy Bauer Mark A. Mitchell Charles O. Cummings Anke C. Sthr Nobuko Wakamatsu Kimberly Harper Ingeborg M. Langohr Kendra Schultz Maria S. Mitchell Daniel K. Howe Udeni B. R. Balasuriya 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(3):554
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan pathogen that infects many endothermic vertebrates, including humans; the domestic cat and other felids serve as the definitive host. Macropodids are considered highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis. Here, we describe the clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical findings of an outbreak of systemic toxoplasmosis in a mob of 11 red kangaroos (Macropus rufus), with high morbidity (73%) and mortality (100%) rates. Affected animals had either severe and rapidly deteriorating clinical conditions or sudden death, which was correlated with widespread necrotizing lesions in multiple organs and intralesional T. gondii organisms identified via MIC3-specific immunohistochemistry and confirmed by REP529-specific rtPCR. Quantification of parasites demonstrated the highest parasite density in pulmonary parenchyma compared with other tissues. Our study highlights the continued importance of this severe condition in Australian marsupials. 相似文献
3.
Nobuko Katayanagi Yuichiro Furukawa Tamon Fumoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):360-372
The DNDC (DeNitrification-DeComposition)-Rice model, one of the most advanced process-based models for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields, has been discussed mostly in terms of the reproducibility of observed methane (CH4) emissions from Japanese rice paddies, but the model has not yet been validated for tropical rice paddies under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation management, a water-saving technique. We validated the model by using CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux data from rice in pots cultivated under AWD irrigation management in a screen-house at the International Rice Research Institute (Los Baños, the Philippines). After minor modification and adjustment of the model to the experimental irrigation conditions, we calculated grain yield and straw production. The observed mean daily CH4 fluxes from the continuous flooding (CF) and AWD pots were 4.49 and 1.22?kg?C?ha?1?day?1, respectively, and the observed mean daily N2O fluxes from the pots were 0.105 and 34.1?g?N?ha?1?day?1, respectively. The root-mean-square errors, indicators of simulation error, of daily CH4 fluxes from CF and AWD pots were calculated as 1.76 and 1.86?kg?C?ha?1?day?1, respectively, and those of daily N2O fluxes were 2.23 and 124?g?N?ha?1?day?1, respectively. The simulated gross CH4 emissions for CF and AWD from the puddling stage (2 days before transplanting) to harvest (97 days after transplanting) were 417 and 126?kg?C?ha?1, respectively; these values were 9.8% lower and 0.76% higher, respectively, than the observed values. The simulated gross N2O emissions during the same period were 0.0279 and 1.45?kg?N?ha?1 for CF and AWD, respectively; these values were respectively 87% and 29% lower than the observed values. The observed total global warming potential (GWP) of AWD resulting from the CH4 and N2O emissions was approximately one-third of that in the CF treatment. The simulated GWPs of both CF and AWD were close to the observed values despite the discrepancy in N2O emissions, because N2O emissions contributed much less than CH4 emissions to the total GWP. These results suggest that the DNDC-Rice model can be used to estimate CH4 emission and total GWP from tropical paddy fields under both CF and AWD conditions. 相似文献
4.
Shinsuke MORI Akira KAWASAKI Satoru ISHIKAWA Tomohito ARAO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(2):294-299
Radioisotope techniques are well known as methods for evaluating symplastic ion absorption in roots. In the present study, a new method for evaluating symplastic cadmium (Cd) absorption in plant roots was developed using the enriched isotopes 113 Cd and 114 Cd. Seedlings of Solanum melongena were exposed to an enriched isotope solution of 113 Cd at 25°C for 30 min. The roots were excised from each seedling and were then immersed in a cold buffer solution without Cd at 2°C for 120 min to suppress the metabolic activity of the roots. Finally, the roots were treated with a cold buffer solution containing enriched stable isotope 114 Cd at 2°C for 120 min, whereby the apoplastically bound 113 Cd was desorbed. We tested the validity of our method for evaluating symplastic Cd in roots compared with the conventional method based on differences in the amount of Cd absorbed at 2°C and 25°C using unlabeled Cd. There was no difference in the symplastic Cd content of the roots between the two methods. These results indicate that it is possible to evaluate the symplastic Cd content in roots using the enriched isotopes 113 Cd and 114 Cd. 相似文献
5.
Inheritance mode of microsatellite DNA markers and their use for kinship estimation
in kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The allelic inheritance mode of microsatellite DNA markers was examined using seven copulated wild females and their offspring. Five microsatellite loci, CSPJ002 *, CSPJ010 *, CSPJ012 *, CSPJ014 *, and CSPJ015 *, were used in the study. At almost all family/locus combinations, one sire was determined and distributions of genotypes in offspring were consistent with the Mendelian segregation ratio. Distributions of genotypes were consistent with the ratio after assuming a null allele at some loci. Consequently, the alleles of CSPJ002 * and CSPJ012 * were inherited following the Mendelian inheritance mode in every family; however, the null allele was expected in CSPJ010 *, CSPJ014 *, and CSPJ015 * in some families. Thus, these loci should be used carefully in population genetic analysis, but siblings could be detected in the dendrograms based on unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPMGA). 相似文献
6.
7.
Masahito SUGIMOTO Waka SAITO Motoki OOI Yukinobu SATO Toshiro SAITO Kiyokazu MORI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(6):587-594
Six ruminally cannulated Wagyu (Japanese Black) steers (average initial bodyweight (BW) 387 ± 29 kg) were used in a split‐plot design experiment, comprising a 3 × 3 Latin square design (whole plot) and a randomized block design (subplot). The whole plot treatments were three different feeding levels of supplemental diet, fed at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% of BW, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Subplot treatments were two different supplemental diets: a potato pulp silage‐based diet (PPS) and a grain‐based diet (GRAIN). Chopped, medium‐quality cool‐season grass hay (predominately Timothy, Phleum pratense L) was fed daily at 0.7% BW (on a DM basis) as the basal diet. Each period consisted of 21 d, which included 11 d of adaptation to the diets and 10 d of the collection period. Chromium oxide was used as an indigestible marker. In situ forage degradation was measured using the nylon bag technique. The dry matter intake increased (linear; P < 0.01) as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Digestibility was not affected by any treatments. The GRAIN diet tended to decrease the rate of in situ forage degradation as the feeding level increased, but this trend was not found in the steers fed the PPS diet. Steers fed the GRAIN diet had a lower (P < 0.1) ruminal pH compared with steers fed the PPS diet. Ruminal pH was not significantly affected by feeding level; however, it was numerically higher for steers supplemented at 0.2% per BW than that for the steers supplemented above 0.4% per BW due probably to the higher starch intake. The total volatile fatty acids concentration numerically increased as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Increasing the feeding level decreased (linear, P < 0.01) the proportion of acetate. Neither diet nor the feeding level had any effects on the proportion of ruminal propionate. The results suggested that, for steers fed the PPS diet, there are not adverse effects on forage digestion in the rumen that occur as the feeding level is increased. 相似文献
8.
Kent MORI Satoshi SUZUKI Daisuke KOYABU Junpei KIMURA Sung-Yong HAN Hideki ENDO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(5):571-578
Although the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is a complete aquatic species,
spending its entire life in the ocean, it has been considered morphologically to be a
semi-aquatic animal. This study aimed to clarify the unique hindlimb morphology and
functional adaptations of E. lutris in comparison to other Mustelidae
species. We compared muscle mass and bone measurements of five Mustelidae species: the sea
otter, Eurasian river otter (Lutra lutra), American mink
(Neovison vison), Japanese weasel (Mustela itatsi) and
Siberian weasel (M. sibirica). In comparison with the other 4 species,
E. lutris possessed significantly larger gluteus, popliteus and
peroneus muscles, but smaller adductor and ischiopubic muscles. The popliteus muscle may
act as a medial rotator of the crus, and the peroneus muscle may act as an abductor of the
fifth toe and/or the pronator of the foot. The bundles of the gluteus superficialis muscle
of E. lutris were fused with those of the tensor fasciae latae muscle and
gluteofemoralis muscles, and they may play a role in femur abduction. These results
suggest that E. lutris uses the abducted femur, medially rotated crus,
eversion of the ankle and abducted fifth digit or extended interdigital web as a powerful
propulsion generator. Therefore, we conclude that E. lutris is a complete
aquatic animal, possessing differences in the proportions of the hindlimb muscles compared
with those in other semi-aquatic and terrestrial mustelids. 相似文献
9.
Masahiro MIYABE Azusa GIN Eri ONOZAWA Mana DAIMON Hana YAMADA Hitomi ODA Akihiro MORI Yutaka MOMOTA Daigo AZAKAMI Ichiro YAMAMOTO Mariko MOCHIZUKI Toshinori SAKO Katsutoshi TAMURA Katsumi ISHIOKA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1201-1206
G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 120 is an unsaturated fatty acid receptor, which is
associated with various physiological functions. It is reported that the genetic variant
of GPR120, p.Arg270His, is detected more in obese people, and this genetic variation
functionally relates to obesity in humans. Obesity is a common nutritional disorder also
in dogs, but the genetic factors have not ever been identified in dogs. In this study, we
investigated the molecular structure of canine GPR120 and searched for candidate genetic
variants which may relate to obesity in dogs. Canine GPR120 was highly homologous to those
of other species, and seven transmembrane domains and two N-glycosylation sites were
conserved. GPR120 mRNA was expressed in lung, jejunum, ileum, colon, hypothalamus,
hippocampus, spinal cord, bone marrow, dermis and white adipose tissues in dogs, as those
in mice and humans. Genetic variants of GPR120 were explored in client-owned 141 dogs,
resulting in that 5 synonymous and 4 non-synonymous variants were found. The variant
c.595C>A (p.Pro199Thr) was found in 40 dogs, and the gene frequency was significantly
higher in dogs with higher body condition scores, i.e. 0.320 in BCS4–5 dogs, 0.175 in BCS3
dogs and 0.000 in BCS2 dogs. We conclude that c.595C>A (p.Pro199Thr) is a candidate
variant relating to obesity, which may be helpful for nutritional management of dogs. 相似文献
10.